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Based on small case-study illustrations from a variety of European countries, this study aims to explore methodological aspects of the study of curriculum history by expanding its traditional research scope. In so doing, it is argued that sociolinguistic issues are essential to this discussion. The main argument is that sociolinguistics and curriculum history are more closely intertwined than has been proposed by previous academic literature. Under the examination are often two sides of the same coin which are viewed from different, albeit closely related, research angles. In effect, the curriculum's contextualisation is also structured and modified by sociolinguistic considerations. In the conclusion, it is maintained that citizenship education--understood here as the historical manifestation of the dominant cultural expectations towards the citizens as the bearers of a particular nation state during a specific timeframe--should be better informed by sociolinguistic literature, and by that, also placed against those language controversies that surround the curriculum. On this basis, by adding value to the study of the curriculum as part of educational history--and by blurring unnecessary academic boundaries--this paper provides interdisciplinary insights into the study of curriculum history vis-à-vis sociolinguistics, which have so far remained too separated.

Education became a rallying cry in Luxembourg's general elections of 1974. For the first time in the country's post-war history, the Socialists and Democrats entered the government, with new plans for education. The unbroken rule of almost 30 years by the Christian Democrats was over. New 'global' educational concepts were employed to introduce changes in the national curriculum, the aim being a transformation from an elite to a mass system of participation. One of these changes was the idea of the comprehensive school, which divided the electorates, parties and press respectively. Yet, this fundamental change has received little attention in the academic literature. What were the differences between the parties when it came to education policy? By intersecting politics, globalisation and education, this paper examines the impact of the election events of 1974 on Luxembourg's political discourse. The conclusion points to the central role the parties played in the proliferation of new educational norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'aide à domicile est emblématique d'importantes mutations à l'œuvre dans les sociétés européennes. L'objet de l'article est d'analyser les enjeux sous-jacents à l'évolution des modes de régulation vers les quasi-marchés. Dans la première partie, nous rappelons la nature des modes de régulations historiques de l'aide à domicile dans chacun des pays qui façonnent ainsi des régimes de care. Ensuite, nous analysons comment l'introduction de régulations quasi-marchandes vient se greffer et ainsi infléchir les régimes de care. Enfin, nous analysons en quoi la présence d'échecs du marché soulève des questions toutes particulières en terme de régulation publique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article highlights the long-term results of two large, randomized trials on managing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) conducted by investigators from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) in the U.S. and a collaborative group of European investigators from the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and Switzerland. Among the factors that negatively influence the outcome of patients with AML are older age, poor performance status and high white-cell count. Both studies have concluded that the 90-milligram (mg) dose of daunorubicin, as compared with the standard 45-mg dose, appear to be similar. According to the authors, high-dose daunorubicin does not benefit the majority of older patients with AML.