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This publication represents the first to report global information on characteristics and requirements of doctoral programs in the pharmaceutical sciences in schools/colleges of Pharmacy. Survey responses (140 responses) were received from doctoral programs in 23 countries, with the greatest number of responses obtained from Japan, followed by India and the United States. Program characteristics and requirements, and student and faculty information, including graduate placement, in programs in Asia, North America, Europe, Africa and Australia were compared. Survey responses indicated differences in entrance requirements for doctoral programs with minimum requirements being a bachelor's degree, pharmacy degree or master's degree, including a M.Phil. degree. Programs differed widely in size in all geographical areas, but there was a similar emphasis on core educational learning outcomes (core competencies) and Ph.D. graduation requirements including qualifying examinations, thesis defense with internal and external reviewers and requirements for peer-reviewed publications. Additionally, three-quarters of programs indicated that there was external review of their programs every 2-4 or 5-7 years. Female students and female faculty mentors represented about 50% of students/faculty in programs in most geographical areas. Placement of students after graduation indicated that the highest percentage went into the pharmaceutical industry in Asia (predominantly India) and North America, with a lower percentage in Europe, Africa and Australia., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 American Pharmacists Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Information on master's programs in the pharmaceutical sciences is lacking; this manuscript addresses this gap in the literature, by reporting on the results of an international survey performed in 2021 of master's programs in the pharmaceutical sciences offered at Schools/Colleges of Pharmacy. Ninety-six responses were received from universities from 23 countries, with the greatest number of responses obtained from India, followed by the United States and Japan. Master's programs in the pharmaceutical sciences are generally full time and 2 years in duration. Only 3% of programs were reported to be examination-based, while the remaining 97% had a research component with 70% of programs having a thesis defense with external and/or internal examiners. Master's programs tended to be larger in Asia and Europe than in North America; as well, programs in North America tended to have more international students. Didactic coursework was included in 96% of master's programs in North America, but only in 38% of Asian and 58% of European programs. The predominant placement of graduates from master's programs in Asia was in the pharmaceutical industry (70%); this contrasted with programs in Europe, Africa and North America where 28-36% enter careers in the pharmaceutical industry and higher percentages enter Ph.D. programs. The major challenge identified by programs was funding of faculty and of graduate students, although decreasing career opportunities was identified as a challenge in Asia and Africa., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 American Pharmacists Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)