20 results on '"HATE"'
Search Results
2. COCA-COLA CURSES: HATE SPEECH IN A POST-COLONIAL CONTEXT.
- Author
-
Heller, Brittan
- Subjects
- *
HATE speech , *VIOLENCE , *HATE , *POSTCOLONIALISM - Abstract
Hate speech is a contextual phenomenon. What offends or inflames in one context may differ from what incites violence in a different time, place, and cultural landscape. Theories of hate speech, especially Susan Benesch's concept of "dangerous speech" (hateful speech that incites violence), have focused on the factors that cut across these paradigms. However, the existing scholarship is narrowly focused on situations of mass violence or societal unrest in America or Europe. This paper discusses how online hate speech may operate differently in a postcolonial context.¹ While hate speech impacts all societies, the global South--Africa in particular--has been sorely understudied. I posit that in postcolonial circumstances, the interaction of multiple cultural contexts and social meanings form concurrent layers of interpretation that are often inaccessible to outsiders. This study expands the concept of online harms by examining the political, social, and cultural dimensions of data-intensive technologies. The paper's theories are informed by fieldwork that local partners and I conducted in Kasese, Uganda in 2019-2020, focusing on social unrest and lethal violence in the region following the 2016 elections. The research, completed with assistance from the Berkeley Human Rights Clinic, included examining the background and circumstances of the conflict; investigating social media's role in the conflict; designing a curriculum around hate speech and disinformation for Ugandan audiences; creating a community-sourced lexicon of hateful terms; and incorporating community-based feedback on proposed strategies for mitigating hate speech and disinformation. I begin this with a literature review of legal theory around hate speech, with a particular focus on Africa, and then turn to the legal context around hate speech and social media use in Uganda, examining how the social media landscape fueled past conflicts. Then I explain my Kasese fieldwork and the study's methodology, before describing initial results. I follow with a discussion of applications to industry, specifically how hate speech is defined and treated by Meta's Facebook, the dominant social media provider in Kasese. It progresses to a discussion of the implications of the study results and legal and policy recommendations for technology companies stemming from these findings. Importantly, I apply the research findings to expand existing scholarship by proposing a new sixth "hallmark of dangerous speech" to augment Benesch's paradigm. Adding "calls for geographic exclusion" as a new qualifier for dangerous speech stems from the particular characteristics embodied by postcolonial hate speech. Examples from the Kasese study illustrate how this phenomenon upends platforms' expectations of hate speech--which may not consider "Coca-Cola bottle" to be an epithet. The application of this new hallmark will create a more inclusive understanding of hate speech in localized contexts. This paper's conclusions and questions may challenge platforms that must address hate speech and content moderation at a global scope and scale. It will examine the prevalence and role of social media platforms in Africa, and how these platforms have provided resources and engagement with civil society in these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
3. Europe's Shifting Divides.
- Author
-
Lalande, J.-Guy
- Subjects
- *
CULTURAL pluralism , *CULTURE , *HISTORY of communism , *HISTORIC sites , *POLITICAL culture , *HATE - Abstract
If post-World War I Hungary and Bulgaria were fairly, though not completely, homogenous ethnic states, such was not the case with Romania, as Roland Clark writes in Chapter 5. The collapse of the communist regimes in the years 1989-1991 triggered an increased interest in the space - alternately called Central Europe, East Central Europe, or Eastern Europe (there is a vast literature in defence of each appellation) - between Russia and Germany, since scholars could from then on consult the previously inaccessible archives pertaining to the communist period. Conversely, with the emergence of capitalism and political pluralism, intellectuals, artists, and writers lost the economic support of the party-state and the special status they had held during the communist era, though they recovered their independence. [Extracted from the article] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The representation of migrants in Spanish judicial decisions: using corpus data to refute hate speech.
- Author
-
Pérez, María José Marín and Almela, Ángela
- Subjects
LEGAL judgments ,HATE speech ,SPANISH language ,DISCOURSE analysis ,IMMIGRANTS ,HATE ,PUNISHMENT - Abstract
The phenomenon of immigration and its depiction in media texts have been examined profusely within the field of corpus-based discourse analysis (Gabrielatos and Baker, 2008; Baker et al., 2013; and Blinder and Allen, 2016). This research seeks to present it as reflected in a corpus of 600 judicial decisions issued by Spanish courts in the years 2016 and 2017. This analysis was motivated by the rise of extreme right-wing parties in Europe in recent years. Such parties dehumanise immigrants and portray them as a threat to the welfare state. On first examination, the results appear to dissociate immigration and crime since a considerable percentage of the keywords obtained (about 20 percent) revolves around three major topoi (namely, 'family', 'territory/access' and 'legal punishment') and there is no evidence of any major offences or crimes amongst the top-ranking lexicon. The study of the collocate networks of the keywords within the category 'legal punishment' confirms our initial perception; in fact, out of twenty-one collocates, only the word delito ('crime') itself collocates with terms referring to typified crimes such as violencia ('violence'). In parallel, the data were triangulated using the text-classification software UMUTextStats (García-Díaz et al., 2018). The results of this second analysis also confirm our initial observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Hate speech online: the government as regulator and as speaker.
- Author
-
Hochmann, Thomas
- Subjects
- *
HATE speech , *INTERNET in public administration , *HATE , *SOCIAL networks , *FRENCH language , *FREEDOM of expression - Abstract
Acknowledging that the government is a user of social networks may help us to better understand its attempt to regulate them. This paper draws on the French case to show different ways of regulating hate speech online. It then turns to the peculiar case of hate speech expressed by the government. There are good reasons to consider that government hate speech can be restricted in Europe as well as in the United States. Europe and the United States however pull apart when the government regulate the discussion space below its online speech. Here, European governments are under an obligation to fight hate speech, when U.S. government infringes the First Amendment when it attempts to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Platform regulation of hate speech – a transatlantic speech compromise?
- Author
-
Kohl, Uta
- Subjects
- *
HATE speech , *CONSTRUCTION laws , *LAW enforcement , *PUBLIC domain , *HATE , *GERMAN language , *INTELLIGIBILITY of speech - Abstract
This paper argues that the binary opposition in the treatment of hate speech in the US and Europe hides non-binary preoccupations that reflect different primary fears which do not fall along the same 'scale'. European liberal democracies fear the consequences of hate speech being left uncensored in the public domain (a WHAT concern) whilst America fears the consequences of content interventions by government (a WHO concern). The paper then proposes that the German Network Enforcement Law of 2017 builds a bridge between American and European speech traditions. NetzDG requires major platforms to moderate content in response to user takedown notices based on legally imposed speech standards. The mechanism of public standards being enforced through private processes is arguably uniquely adept at simultaneously assuaging the primary European fear about the absence of effective speech controls in the public domain and the primary American fear about the presence of governmental censorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. La estrategia europea contra el antisemitismo y apoyo a la vida judía. La reacción de la UE al neo-antisemitismo.
- Author
-
Priego, Alberto
- Subjects
JEWISH community centers ,JEWISH communities ,JEWS ,ANTISEMITISM ,VIOLENCE ,HATE ,HOSTILITY ,HATE crimes - Abstract
Copyright of Cuadernos Europeos de Deusto is the property of Universidad de Deusto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. NEGOTIATING NEW AUDIOVISUAL RULES FOR VIDEO SHARING PLATFORMS: PROPOSALS FOR A RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE MODEL OF SPEECH ONLINE.
- Author
-
Rozgonyi, Krisztina
- Subjects
HATE speech ,MASS media policy ,ATHLETIC fields ,MINORS ,VIDEOS ,HATE - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Públic is the property of Revista Catalana de Dret Public and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. El control europeo del ciberespacio ante el discurso de odio: análisis de las medidas de lucha y prevención.
- Author
-
Gutiérrez Castillo, Víctor Luis
- Subjects
INTERNET service providers ,WEB portals ,HATE speech ,FREEDOM of expression ,CODES of ethics ,HATE - Abstract
Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. CRIMINALIZING THE DENIAL OF THE SO-CALLED ARMENIAN GENOCIDE AND ITS EXAMINATION UNDER FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION.
- Author
-
EREN, Judge Ceren Sedef
- Subjects
ARMENIAN genocide, 1915-1923 ,FREEDOM of expression ,CRIMINAL law ,HOLOCAUST, 1939-1945 ,GENOCIDE ,HATE - Abstract
Copyright of Law & Justice Review is the property of Justice Academy of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2020
11. Freedom of Expression and Religious Hate Speech in Europe.
- Author
-
Farrukh, Tehreem
- Subjects
FREEDOM of religion ,FREEDOM of expression ,HATE speech ,HATE - Published
- 2021
12. Restorative solutions for anti-LGBT victimisation experiences: potential pathways for victims' wellbeing and key challenges and needs.
- Author
-
Domínguez Ruiz IE, Roiha M, and Jubany O
- Subjects
- Humans, Crime psychology, Hate, Europe, Crime Victims psychology
- Abstract
The victims of anti-LGBT hate crimes may have particularly negative experiences which affect their mental health and wellbeing. These incidents affect the victims' self-esteem, dignity and identity, and they also affect indirect victims in similar ways. As opposed to retributive justice, restorative justice may offer a more satisfactory justice experience for those affected, by addressing the harm caused to them. This is due to the fact that restorative processes require flexibility, adequacy and tailor-made design. Drawing on findings from a multi-site qualitative study conducted in six European countries, this article discusses the perceptions and experiences of key professionals regarding the potential of restorative justice to provide for victims of anti-LGBT hate crimes, particularly in relation to repairing the individual and collective harm caused by such crimes. more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. UNDEAD MENACE: VAMPIRISM AND ORIENTALISM IN LA CORTINA DE BAMBÚ BY DIEGO BARROS ORTIZ.
- Author
-
Hollingsworth, Philip C.
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *HEGEMONY , *PATRIARCHY , *MISCOMMUNICATION , *HATE - Abstract
The article criticizes the work "La cortina de bambú" which reflects the anxieties related to the perceived threat of immigrants to Euro-centric criollo hegemony. Topics discussed include information on warning against outside influences on the white patriarchal tradition including non-European immigrants; descriptions of individuals or groups of people as monstrous typically arise from fears, misunderstandings, and hatred of others; and information on cases related to Chinese immigration. more...
- Published
- 2017
14. The Prohibition of Incitement to National, Racial or Religious Hatred in European Comparative Perspective.
- Author
-
Christians, Louis-Léon
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL Covenant on Civil & Political Rights (1966) ,HATE ,INTERNATIONAL law ,JUDGE-made law ,CIVIL rights ,COMPARATIVE law - Abstract
The implementation of Article 20, paragraph 2, of the ICCPR has become one of the major issues of international law. This article presents an analysis of major trends in national legislation, case law and policy relating to the prohibition of incitement to hatred in Europe. This article aims to take a new look at the practical questions raised by these conditions and provisions, thus helping to restore the effectiveness of fundamental rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Legislating against Internet race hate.
- Author
-
Brennan, Fernne
- Subjects
- *
RACE discrimination , *HATE crimes , *INTERNET & society , *COMPUTER crimes , *HUMAN rights violations - Abstract
The development of the Internet provides social spaces that enable users to promote race hate. It is argued that race hate hurts but its victims are relatively powerless in the face of this growing problem, and states do not appear to be effective in the light of jurisdictional restrictions. In addressing these concerns the Council of Europe has adopted the Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime, Concerning the Criminalisation of acts of Racist and Xenophobic Nature Committed through Computer Systems (2003) ('the Protocol'). Its remit obliges States to legislate or otherwise prohibit the use of computer systems for the dissemination of racist materials. This paper argues that on a number of grounds the Protocol does not stand up to the test of effectiveness. This is because it is couched in terms that prioritise freedom of speech over freedom from racial discrimination. A preferable approach would give more weight to equality and non-discrimination which states are required to defend. Furthermore, since the prohibition of the proliferation of race hate is the Council of Europe's main concern it must make the case for this in the context of institutional racism, rather than as an element in the juggling of rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The Pandemic of Hate is Giving COVID-19 a Helping Hand.
- Author
-
Ng E
- Subjects
- COVID-19, China epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections ethnology, Coronavirus Infections transmission, Europe epidemiology, Hate, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral ethnology, Pneumonia, Viral transmission, SARS-CoV-2, United States epidemiology, Betacoronavirus pathogenicity, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections psychology, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral psychology, Racism psychology
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Public health must confront racism and xenophobia.
- Author
-
Muscat, Natasha Azzopardi, Paget, Dineke Zeegers, and McKee, Martin
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC health , *RACISM , *XENOPHOBIA , *TERROR , *HATE - Abstract
The article discusses the Vienna Declaration issued by the European Public Health Association and the Austrian Public Health Association in 2016 which was endorsed by public health organizations across Europe. It states that the Declaration will support Horton's call to fight the insidious social pathologies of hate, racism, xenophobia and terror. more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Complexity and valence in ethnophaulisms and exclusion of ethnic out-groups: what puts the "hate" into hate speech?
- Author
-
Leader T, Mullen B, and Rice D
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Emigration and Immigration statistics & numerical data, Ethnopsychology methods, Europe ethnology, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Students psychology, Task Performance and Analysis, United States, White People psychology, Hate, Psychological Distance, Social Alienation psychology, Speech physiology, Stereotyping
- Abstract
Ethnophaulisms (A. A. Roback, 1944) are the words used as ethnic slurs to refer to out-groups in hate speech. The results of previous archival research have suggested that it is the complexity, more so than the valence, of ethnophaulisms that predicts the exclusion of ethnic immigrant out-groups from the receiving society. This article reports the results of 3 experimental examinations of the relative contributions of complexity and valence in ethnophaulisms to the exclusion of an ethnic out-group. Experiment 1 demonstrated that exclusion of the ethnic out-group was increased by the use of low-complexity ethnophaulisms. Experiment 2 demonstrated that exclusion of the ethnic out-group decreased by the use of high-complexity ethnophaulisms. Experiment 3 confirmed the demonstration that exclusion decreased by the use of a different set of high-complexity ethnophaulisms. The results of these three experiments converge to indicate that low complexity exerts more of an effect than negative valences on the exclusion of an ethnic out-group. The implications of these results for theoretical approaches to intergroup behavior are considered. more...
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Towards a psychoanalytic understanding of Fascism and anti-Semitism: perceptions from the 1940s.
- Author
-
Fisher DJ
- Subjects
- Europe ethnology, Hate, History, 20th Century, National Socialism history, Social Conditions history, Social Isolation psychology, Social Problems ethnology, Social Problems history, Social Problems psychology, United States ethnology, Violence ethnology, Violence history, Violence psychology, World War II, Masochism ethnology, Masochism history, Masochism psychology, Political Systems history, Prejudice, Projection, Psychoanalysis education, Psychoanalysis history, Torture history, Torture psychology
- Abstract
After selecting five representative European psychoanalytic thinkers, all of whom emigrated to the United States, this essay surveys their earliest perceptions and interpretations of the historical and psychological roots of Fascism, with particular emphasis on anti-Semitism. My samples almost all derive from the period before, during, and immediately after World War II. In examining the writings of Otto Fenichel, Ernst Simmel, Erik Homburger Erikson, Rudolf Loewenstein and Bruno Bettelheim, it discusses the various environmental and psychological dimensions of their understandings of racial prejudice. The paper argues that each thinker attempted to integrate historical, sociological, cultural and clinical factors into their psychodynamic formulations about the individual and group mind of the Fascist anti-Semite. This generation of psychoanalysts explained Fascist anti-Semitism by exploring the mechanisms of projection, the process of massive splitting mechanisms of the group mind, fantasies of delinquent adolescent aggrandizement in Hitler, sado-masochistic and perverse oedipal dynamics, and a macabre identification with the torturers on the part of Jewish inmates in the concentration camps, that obliterated the individual's sense of autonomy and capacity to respond morally. The paper points out the pronounced ambivalence of this generation of Jewish analysts and intellectuals toward their own Jewish backgrounds and sense of themselves as Jews. It also argues that this generation muted its left-wing and socialist political tendencies once they arrived in America, taking a turn against politics. It suggests that some of the features of this Jewish ambivalence can be seen in the exploration of a so-called "Jewish psychology," itself a disguised form of racism, a derivative of projection, which may have had rather negative and authoritarian consequences for the psychoanalytic movement in America. more...
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. [The legacy of intolerance: the Enlightenment and racism.].
- Author
-
Jokisalo J
- Subjects
- Cross-Cultural Comparison, Europe ethnology, History, 16th Century, History, 17th Century, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humanism history, Social Behavior history, Social Values ethnology, Social Values history, Eugenics history, Eugenics legislation & jurisprudence, Hate, Prejudice, Race Relations history, Race Relations legislation & jurisprudence, Race Relations psychology, Social Change history, Social Conditions economics, Social Conditions history, Social Conditions legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 1999
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.