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Background: Apart from biologics, no systemic drugs are approved in Europe for children with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Retrospective observational studies have shown promising results for fumaric acid esters (FAE) in this setting., Objectives: To show superiority of FAE over placebo in terms of treatment response after 20 weeks in children and adolescents aged 10-17 years., Methods: In a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIIb study, patients aged 10-17 years with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis requiring systemic therapy were randomized 2 : 1 to receive FAE (n = 91) or placebo (n = 43) over 20 weeks, followed by an open-label FAE treatment phase. The coprimary endpoints were ≥ 75% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) and Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) score of 0 or 1 (clear or almost clear) at week 20. The study was registered with EudraCT number 2012-000035-82., Results: At week 20, 55% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·44-0·65] of FAE-treated patients achieved a PASI 75 response vs. 19% (95% CI 0·08-0·33) in the placebo group (absolute difference 36%, 95% CI 0·20-0·53; P < 0·001). In total, 42% (95% CI 0·32-0·53) in the FAE group vs. 7% (95% CI 0·01-0·19) in the placebo group achieved a PGA score of 0 or 1 at week 20 (absolute difference 35%, 95% CI 0·21-0·49; P < 0·001). During the double-blind period, drug-related adverse events occurred more frequently in patients receiving FAE compared with placebo (76% vs. 47%). Gastrointestinal disorders were the most common adverse events., Conclusions: FAE administered over a period of 20 weeks demonstrated a better response than placebo; the difference was statistically significant and clinically meaningful. Application up to 40 weeks was generally well tolerated. However, further studies are required., (© 2020 Biogen GmbH. British Journal of Dermatology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Association of Dermatologists.)