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Salmonella is one of the main zoonotic agents causing foodborne diseases in Europe. The main reservoirs of the infection are represented by domestic and wild animals, and the infection occurs by direct contact or following the consumption of contaminated food or water. The study aimed to evaluate the presence of Salmonella spp. in food-producing animals and irrigation waters in southern Italy and the serovar distribution. From 2011 to 2021, a total of 473 samples from 6 different animal species (bovine, buffalo, goat, ovine, swine, poultry, and wild boars) and 313 irrigation water samples were collected and analyzed. The overall percentage of positive samples was 56.87% in organs, 50.85% in feces, and 20.45% in irrigation waters. By animal species, the most frequently detected serovar was Salmonella Typhimurium in bovine (17.39%), in buffalo (13.10%) and swine (28.21%), and S. Kentucky (24.78%) in poultry. The subspecies diarizonaeIIIb was frequently detected in goats (40.00%) and ovine (83.33%), while salamaeII (14.12%) and diarizonaeIIIb (11.76%) were frequently isolated in wild boars. In the irrigation water samples, the most frequently detected serovar was S. Napoli (25%). Results revealed that, although in Europe, control strategies aimed at preventing the spread of Salmonella have been implemented, the prevalence of this pathogen in food-producing animals and irrigation waters is high. Considering the risk to public health associated with the contamination of products or foods, more stringent control interventions are needed at primary production and along the food chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The objectives of this study are to examine the efficacy and safety of low-dose aspirin (LDA) vs LDA plus low-intensity warfarin (LDA + W) in the primary thrombosis prevention of aPL-positive patients with SLE and/or obstetric morbidity and the role of clinical and serological markers in the development of thrombosis.Methods. In this 5-year prospective, randomized, open, controlled trial, 166 patients with aPL were randomly assigned using a minimization protocol to receive treatment with LDA (n = 82) or LDA + W [international normalized ratio (INR) = 1.5] (n = 84). Sixty-six patients who declined randomization were followed up in an observational arm. Clinical and laboratory characteristics and medication side effects were recorded.Results. There were no differences in the number of thromboses between patients treated with LDA (4/82) or LDA + W (4/84) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.07, 95% CI 0.27, 4.3]. The incidence of thrombosis in the randomized patients was 8/166 (1.8 events/100 person-years) (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.27, 4.3) and in the observational arm was 7/66 (4.9 events/100 person-years) (HR 2.43, 95% CI 0.87, 6.79). Sixty-five of 66 patients included in the observational arm received LDA. None of the examined clinical or serological factors appeared to predict thrombosis. Medication side effects included mild gastrointestinal symptoms in the LDA group (n = 2) and bleeding in the LDA + W group (n = 11; 1 nasal and 10 menorrhagia). The risk difference for bleeding was 13% (CI 6, 20).Conclusion. No differences in the number of thromboses were observed between patients treated with LDA vs those treated with LDA + W. More episodes of bleeding were detected in the LDA + W group. The LDA + W regime was significantly less safe and not as acceptable as LDA alone.Trial registration: ISRCTN81818945; http://isrctn.org/. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Children's risks associated with the Internet and online technologies have been given great emphasis in media discourses across Europe. Perceptions and representations of online risks seem to be socially and culturally shaped, being rather different from one country to another. This article provides a comparative analysis of the press coverage of online risks in three European countries: Italy, Portugal and Spain. Being southern and Latin countries, they share some patterns and trends that may have a bearing on social attitudes towards the issue of children and new media. Through a focus on contextual factors, on one hand, and on the news media, on the other, the comparative analysis concludes that the three countries share relevant similarities but also present differences in the ways their national media systems represent childhood online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]