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Purpose of Review: The success of antiretroviral therapy in HIV disease comes currently with the realization that patients are committed to life-long treatment, which raises the possibility of long-term toxicity. Such long-term side effects may not be identified in initial clinical trials requiring, therefore, a different approach to monitoring patients over time - a pharmacovigilance approach., Recent Findings: Several key issues in long-term management of HIV infection have been addressed by a pharmacovigilance approach - including unusual and rare side effects and elucidation of emerging toxicities such as cardiovascular, bone and renal disease. Recent changes in legislation in the USA and Europe are aimed to strengthen pharmacovigilance in developed countries., Summary: HIV infection and its treatment provide an important example of the role of pharmacovigilance. As clinical trials can rarely address the question of long-term tolerability, effective pharmacovigilance programs are and will remain essential.

Current challenges facing haemophilia care were identified and reviewed by an interdisciplinary group of experts in haemostasis and thrombosis, infectious disease, epidemiology, pharmacoeconomics and public health who met in February 2005 in Brussels. The outcome of this meeting was a series of consensus recommendations proposed to address the following three challenges: (i) developing the next generation of haemophilia specialists; (ii) reducing the risk that emerging pathogens present to safe haemophilia care and (iii) providing haemophilia care in an environment of cost constraint. It is intended that these consensus recommendations will form the basis of a concerted effort by leading haemophilia clinicians to secure future resources for the development and improvement of haemophilia care throughout Europe.