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In the European Working Party trial on High blood pressure in the Elderly, patients over 60 are randomly allocated either to receive diuretic capsules containing 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide and 50 mg triamterene or matching placebos. If the blood pressure remains high those receiving active diuretic treatment also receive methyldopa. Those receiving a placebo diuretic area given placebo methyldopa tablets. The study is double blind, started in 1974 and is still in progress. Three hundred and thirty-one patients have now been followed for 1 year and of these 190 have been followed for 2 and 90 for 3 years. After 1 year the serum cholesterol in the placebo group fell by an average of 10.4 mg/100 ml; over 2 years the fall was 16.0 mg/100 ml and over 3 years 20.8 mg/100 ml (6.7%). The corresponding results for the actively treated group were falls of 3.1 mg/100 ml; 20.3 mg/100 ml and 17.3 mg/100 ml (6.6%). Over a period of up to 3 years the average fall in cholesterol was 5.9 mg/100 ml/year in the placebo group and 5.0 mg/100 ml/year in the actively treated group. Thus the changes in serum cholesterol were similar whether the patients received active or placebo medication. In particular there was no evidence for an increase in cholesterol nor for a smaller decrease during diuretic therapy. In the actively treated group the fall in blood pressure in the more hypertensive patients was accompanied by a fall both in haematocrit and serum cholesterol. In patients with less severe hypertension, active treatment was not accompanied by a fall in either hematocrit or cholesterol. These different responses of serum cholesterol in the more and less severe hypertensives in the present study could explain some of the previous conflicting reports on the influence of diuretic treatment on serum cholesterol.