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Accessible summary Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder affecting approximately 29 million people worldwide. The ideal treatment and care of patients with schizophrenia should be provided by a multidisciplinary 'team' involving psychiatrists, nurses and other healthcare professionals, together with carers and patients., In light of the key role carers play in the care of patients with schizophrenia, the present survey was designed to assess the opinions of family members and friends of patients with schizophrenia across Europe and to ascertain their attitudes towards the illness, medication and adherence to medication., Among carers participating in this survey, there was widespread awareness of the issues involved in supporting patients with schizophrenia and the importance of their role in improving poor adherence to medication., Three differences in opinion emerged between the views of carers and psychiatrists; psychiatrists rely more on the patient themselves when assessing adherence than carers would recommend; in contrast to psychiatrists, many carers believe the illness itself contributes to non-adherence; two thirds of carers think that schizophrenia medication damages health (higher than estimated by psychiatrists). The findings from the present survey, taken together with the results from the Adherencia Terapéutica en la Esquizofrenia surveys of psychiatrists and nurses, support the need for a collaborative approach to the issue of treatment nonadherence. In particular, healthcare professionals should recognize the valuable contribution that family carers can make to improve treatment adherence and consequently clinical outcomes for patients with schizophrenia., Abstract Schizophrenia carries a significant burden for families providing care. The Adherencia Terapéutica en la Esquizofrenia ( ADHES) carers' survey was designed to assess the opinions of family and friends of patients with schizophrenia across Europe and ascertain their attitudes towards the illness, medication and adherence to medication. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of 138 carers across 16 European countries. Interpretation of results was based on a descriptive comparison of responses. Carers recognized the importance of medication to help patients get better (76%) and improve their quality of life (76%) and relationships (74%). Sixty-seven per cent believed medication damages general health. Sixty-five per cent reported that treatment adherence was a burden for patients. Thirty-eight per cent indicated that it was a daily struggle to get patients to take their medication. Fifty per cent perceived that medication administered every few weeks rather than daily was quite/very important. Ninety-three per cent agreed on the importance of family support to boost adherence, with education and information deemed important for families and patients. Carers rely less on the patient themselves when assessing adherence than psychiatrists. The burden faced by carers and patients in taking medication provides an opportunity for healthcare professionals to provide support in a multidisciplinary 'team' involving psychiatrists, nurses and carers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that carries a significant burden for families providing care. Objectives: The ADHES carers'' survey canvassed opinions of families/friends of patients with schizophrenia across Europe. Aim: To ascertain carer attitudes towards schizophrenia, its treatment and treatment adherence. Methods: The survey was conducted from January-April 2011 in 16 European countries, comprising 10 questions relating to the respondents'' understanding of schizophrenia, attitudes towards schizophrenia treatments, and perception of the family''s/friend''s role in supporting patients with schizophrenia. Results: Results were obtained from 138 respondents. 76% of carers recognized the importance of medication to help patients get better, improve their quality of life (77%) and relationships (74%). 67% of carers responded that they believed schizophrenia treatment damages patients'' general health. Two-thirds of the carers reported that treatment adherence was a burden for the patient and over a third of carers indicated that it was a daily struggle to get patients to take their medication. 50% of carers considered the benefits offered by long-acting injectable antipsychotics as very/quite important and thus, could provide a valuable tool in improving treatment adherence. 92% of carers agreed on the importance of family support to boost treatment adherence with education/information deemed important for families and patients alike. Conclusion: Carers recognize the issues they face in caring for patients with schizophrenia and their role in improving partial/non-adherence to medication, especially to avoid suboptimal treatment outcomes. The important role of family carers should be considered by healthcare professionals when treating patients with schizophrenia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

One Health recognizes the interconnection of people, animals, and the environment and encourages a multidisciplinary approach. Several high-level European and global policy recommendations call for close intersectoral collaboration to better understand and manage health challenges faced today. Academic education has a fundamental role in preparing all health professionals in that respect. Our research investigates whether, and how, European Veterinary Education Establishments (VEEs) implement interdisciplinarity. We collected data on undergraduate education, post-graduate programs, and academic research through a pan-European survey. Our aim was to identify policy actions that could encourage cross-sectoral education and a culture of One Health at universities. Input from 41 VEEs showed that interdisciplinary education for undergraduates is still in the early stages. The models of academic structure, undergraduate curricula, and education policies established so far hinder interdisciplinarity. One Health interdisciplinary post-graduate education is easier, at least in some countries, while research successfully integrates multidisciplinary interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches . To conclude, we propose five recommendations to promote interdisciplinary education in veterinary and other curricula and to further encourage the intersectoral cooperation in research: (1) the need for the development of One Health transdisciplinary competencies across different discipline curricula in the European Union (EU); (2) the need for an integrated strategy of university structures and policies (for undergraduates and post-graduates) to encourage and support interdisciplinarity; (3) the need for a harmonized approach to academic education via accreditation; (4) the need for appropriate legislation to facilitate interdisciplinary training; and (5) the need to encourage One Health research.

The effective collection and management of personal data of rapidly migrating populations is important for ensuring adequate healthcare and monitoring of a displaced peoples' health status. With developments in ICT data sharing capabilities, electronic personal health records (ePHRs) are increasingly replacing less transportable paper records. ePHRs offer further advantages of improving accuracy and completeness of information and seem tailored for rapidly displaced and mobile populations. Various emerging initiatives in Europe are seeking to develop migrant-centric ePHR responses. This paper highlights their importance and benefits, but also identifies a number of significant ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) and challenges to their design and implementation, regarding (1) the kind of information that should be stored, (2) who should have access to information, and (3) potential misuse of information. These challenges need to be urgently addressed to make possible the beneficial use of ePHRs for vulnerable migrants in Europe., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objectives: To determine the agreement between observers and to investigate the effect of observer experience in diagnosing canine hip dysplasia and providing final scoring of hips using the standard ventrodorsal hip-extended radiographic method. The agreement of the final scoring, with a presumed correct assessment based on the Norberg angle, is also investigated., Methods: Thirty observers were requested to read 50 ventrodorsal hip-extended radiographs of 25 dogs according to Federation Cynologique International criteria. Groups of experienced (nine members) and inexperienced (21 members) observers were used., Results: For providing the distinction between dysplastic versus non-dysplastic dogs, the average interobserver agreement was 72 per cent and was significantly higher (P<0.0001) than the score that could be expected by chance without any agreement between observers. For providing the final score (A, B, C, D or E), an average interobserver agreement of 43.6 per cent was found. In the experienced group, an agreement score of 76 per cent was found for the distinction between AB versus non-AB and an agreement score of 81 per cent was found for the distinction between C versus non-C. The agreement score was significantly higher (P<0.0001) for the experienced group than for the inexperienced group in all cases. Agreement between the presumed correct assessment based on the Norberg angle and the observer's evaluation was low (P=0.35), irrespective of whether the observers were experienced (71.8 per cent correct assessments) or inexperienced (69 per cent correct assessments)., Clinical Significance: Although interobserver agreement is low, observer experience increases agreement.

Nurses who work in HIV/AIDS care often hold conflicting views about appropriate nursing roles in relation to physician-assisted suicide. Regardless of whether the individual nurse supports or opposes physician-assisted suicide, nurses in HIV/AIDS care need to have a broad knowledge base of the legal and ethical issues related to physician-assisted suicide. This article's main purpose is to provide nurses with the knowledge base they need to assist them in their work in clinical practice, education, policy development, and research.