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The scale and scope of the "final solution" of the "Jewish question" were extreme even in the horrific annals of genocide. Bloxham attempts to shed light on the pattern of mass murder in its expansion and contraction by viewing the Holocaust in a set of temporally and culturally specific contexts. It places the Holocaust into a broader European framework of violent ethnopolitics and geopolitics from the late nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century. The Holocaust is depicted as an only partially discrete part of a continental process of traumatic flux, and a part, furthermore, that can itself be partially disaggregated into national and regional components. Bloxham moves from a general consideration of patterns of ethnic violence in the period to a closer causal explanation that shows the different valences of Nazi policy towards Jews in the lands directly ruled by Germany and those of Germany's allies respectively. He shows that the peculiarly extensive ambitions of the "final solution" at its most expansive can only be explained when wider geopolitical and strategic contextual terms are factored in along with consideration of Nazi ideology and the internal dynamics of some of the key institutions of the perpetrator state.

This article compares the fate of the Gypsies under the Third Reich to that of the Jews, arguing that, despite parallels, the treatment each group underwent differed fundamentally. The Nazis never formulated a plan for a "Final Solution" to the Gypsy problem analogous to that for the Jews. Compulsory sterilization affected only a relatively small portion of the Gypsy population, and killings that did take place were carried out to achieve Nazi solutions to specific local situations. Numerous sources, especially recently discovered local police files, show that large numbers of "racially pure" and "socially adjusted" Gypsies were exempted from deportation to the Gypsy family camp in Auschwitz and were allowed to survive the war.

While most of the research on the Holocaust has appropriately focused on the suffering of the Jewish population of Axis-occupied Europe, the Gypsies also were targeted for extinction by the Nazis. The Gypsies as a people survived the campaigns directed against them in large measure because they were located in areas under the control of governments allied with Germany. These governments generally refused to participate in the extermination of the Gypsies (just as some did not participate in the destruction of the European Jews). The majority of the Gypsy population in Axis Europe was beyond the direct control of the Nazi extermination machinery and, as a consequence, survival rates were higher. In contrast the European Jews were concentrated in areas under direct German control, and therefore the proportion of fatalities was much higher. Geographic location thus was one major factor that explains the greater survival rate of the Gypsies compared to that of the Jews.

Between 1934-1945 approximately 1000 unaccompanied Jewish children, refugees from Nazism, reached the United States. These were but a fraction of the total number of Jewish refugees who reached the USA during this period. Yet the Issue of child refugees differed from that of adults in several ways and therefore received separate mention in the American press. This article charts and analyzes the press coverage of the refugee child issue during six chronological periods 1934-1938 and the arrival and acclimatization of the first child refugees from Germany, late 1938 - Kristallnacht and the aroused consciousness of the plight of persecuted children in Germany, 1939 - the Wagner-Rogers Bill to permit the extra quota entry of 20, 000 children from Germany into the United States; 1940 - the evacuation of British children to the United States and the furor over the use of American "Mercy Ships"; 1941 -1944 - the arrival of Central European refugee children who had found temporary refuge in France, Spain and Portugal; 1945 - the repatriation of evacuees and the reunion of refugee children with their surviving parents