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First-line intravenous chemotherapy (CT) following debulking surgery is associated with prolonged survival, in particular in patients who achieve a pathological complete remission (pCR) at second-look surgery but in whom a high rate of relapses still occurs. Between 1988 and 1997, 153 patients in pCR following platinum-based intravenous CT were randomized between four courses of intraperitoneal cisplatin (P) (90 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) or observation. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint, while progression-free survival (PFS) was a secondary endpoint. This intent-to-treat analysis includes 16 patients who were not eligible and 17 patients who had protocol violations. The two groups were well balanced in terms of age (median = 55 years), performance status (78% P.S. O), FIGO stage (96% stage III), histology (serous in 66%), grade (2 or 3 in 80%), and residuum before intravenous CT (>1 cm in 40%). Intraperitoneal CT was delivered mainly through intraperitoneal catheters (Port-a-Cath 61% and Tenckhoff 25%). Side effects of intraperitoneal cisplatin included vomiting [> or =grade 2 (82%)], rise in serum creatinine [> or =grade 2 (14%)], abdominal pain [grade 1-2 (38%)], and neurotoxicity [grade 2-3 (15%)]. After a median follow-up of 8 years, 80 patients (52%) have progressed with no difference in the pattern of relapse between the two groups and 75 patients (49%) have died; the respective hazard ratios for PFS and OS with 95% CI are 0.89 (0.59-1.33) and 0.82 (0.52-1.29). These results are suggestive of a treatment benefit but do not support a change in clinical practice. Other randomized clinical trials of intraperitoneal CT are reviewed and briefly discussed.