Search

aima Muzammil,2 Nafeesa Yasmeen,4 Muhammad Aamir Aslam,3 Mohsin Khurshid,2 Muhammad Hidayat Rasool,2 Zulqarnain Baloch11Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 3Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 4College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Bilal Aslam; Zulqarnain Baloch Email drbilalaslam@gcuf.edu.pk; znbalooch@yahoo.com Introduction: Intense livestock farming practices enforcing the farmers to use antibiotics as food supplements on a routine basis. Aberrant use of antibiotics is associated with the emergence of antibiotics resistance and resistant superbugs. Keeping in view the current scenario, the present study was designed for the first time from Pakistan with a specific aim to estimate the prevalence of the carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in veterinary settings and the waste in Pakistan. Methods: A total of 138 samples from various veterinary sources were collected by employing a nonprobability sampling technique. Isolation and phenotypic identification of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae were performed according to the CLSI standard. Molecular detection of various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was done through PCR by using specific primers against each ARG. According to the pasture scheme, the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed to characterize the K. pneumoniae sequence types (STs). Results: According to the results of the study, overall 9.4% (13/138) isolates were confirmed carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. Among various carbapenem ARGs particularly, the blaNDM-1 was found in 92.3% (12/13) isolates followed by blaOXA-48 84.6% (11/13). MLST results revealed that overall 3 STs were found in the study which includes ST29, ST11, and ST258. Taking together, this is the first study to our best knowledge which demonstrated the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae and its various STs prevalent in veterinary settings and the waste of Pakistan. Conclusion: Based on the above-mentioned facts, we suggested that veterinary settings and waste are the potential source and reservoir of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, which may be disseminated to the environment and ultimately can affect the public and companion livestock health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) in poultry meat and to find its antimicrobial susceptibility. P. mirabilis has been frequently isolated from poultry and poses potential threat to public health. The pathogen resides in broiler's intestine, so it can be a source of contamination of chicken carcass in a slaughterhouse. A total of 50 samples of chicken carcass (from liver n=15, from intestine n=15, from thigh n=11 and from wings n=9) were taken from Faisalabad and cultured on Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar (XLD) for isolation and purification of P. mirabilis. Percent positivity of P. mirabilis in liver was found to be 60%, 46% in intestine, 36% in thigh and 33% in wings. P. mirabilis isolates showed high resistance to tetracycline (100%) and piperacillin (91.3%) while low resistance was shown to ceftazidime (8.6%). The study concluded that chicken could be the source of P. mirabilis and it can be a source of infection in human and animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]