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Emotion dysregulation is a common social functioning deficit in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Little is known about how teachers rate irritability in school-aged children with ADHD. We examined irritability and disruptive behaviour in clinic-referred school-aged children (n = 145) with ADHD. Children in this cross-sectional study were 6–12 years old (Mage = 9.2 years, 16.6% female). We obtained ratings from children themselves as well as their mothers, fathers, and teachers at the baseline of a family intervention program. Descriptive statistics and multilevel regression models were employed. Children displayed increased irritability, such as frequent temper outbursts, when compared with population sample peers. Children's proneness to anger was strongly associated with perceived peer difficulties particularly in teacher ratings. Findings highlight the significance of home- and school-based support when considering social functioning in children with neurodevelopmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The most common risky behaviour among Finnish care leavers was substance abuse. • However, other types of risky behaviour were rarely mentioned in the data. • The completion of secondary education is pivotal to successful independent living. • Care leavers should be supported by programmes that enhance their strengths. Risky behaviour is more common among care leavers than in the general population. This type of behaviour among care leavers can exacerbate poor life outcomes during the transition to adulthood. Although previous studies acknowledge the significance of risky behaviour, disruptive behaviour and its explanatory factors have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study is to describe and explain disruptive behaviour among Finnish care leavers who have been receiving aftercare services for around two years. Data concerning care leavers who had participated in aftercare services (n = 600) were retrospectively collected from the electronic customer/patient record system of a division of social and health care at one Finnish city. A structured electronic worksheet was used to extract data from the original free-text documents. The original documents contained all of the factors related to out-of-home placement decisions and aftercare services. The data were analysed in BayesiaLab 10.2. Entries concerning risky behaviour among the care leavers most often described substance abuse, with other behaviours rarely mentioned. Substance abuse, psychiatric illness, and self-destructive behaviour were all positively associated with how prominent a care leaver's disruptive behaviour was. In contrast, having completed secondary or vocational education and primary placement at a foster family were significantly associated with less disruptive behaviour. Care leavers who made use of employment office services also showed a tendency for less disruptive behaviour. Issues related to disruptive behaviour can significantly impact care leavers' success and well-being in adult life. Therefore, each social service employee should be able to identify myriad risky behaviours and provide young care leavers with the appropriate preventive and support services. Collaboration among various stakeholders will be critical to developing aftercare interventions that are tailored to young care leavers' needs. These types of interventions can help young people reverse their counterproductive behaviours and treat their addictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]