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Aim: To explore Finnish paramedics' perceptions of work‐related performance expectations in relation to work experience, and understand how organizational socialization contributes to understanding paramedics' performance expectations. Design: A qualitative design with a deductive‐inductive approach utilizing a social constructivist framework. The organizational socialization framework by Wanberg was used as the theoretical basis. Methods: Data were collected between May and August 2023, using group and individual interviews of newly graduated (n = 9) and experienced paramedics (n = 13). Participants were recruited via social media channels. Data were first analyzed deductively, according to constructs of the organizational socialization framework (role clarity, task mastery, and social acceptance), then inductively, using codes not utilized in the deductive phase. Data Sources: Interviewed Finnish paramedics (N = 22), both newly graduated paramedics (n = 9) and experienced paramedics (n = 13). The interviews were performed remotely and then transcribed into text. Results: Our findings showed comparable performance expectations between newly graduated and experienced paramedics, mismatches in role clarity of paramedic work, challenges in both learning and upholding professional competence, and difficulties of social acceptance into the paramedic community. There were variations in how expectations were perceived between groups, indicating that experience might partly affect how paramedics identify and manage performance expectations. The organizational socialization framework enables the contextualization of these performance expectations. Conclusions and Implications: Paramedic work involves challenges to upholding clinical competence, aligning to a professional role, and social integration into the professional community. Our research contributes to understanding how paramedics perceive these challenges as performance expectations in different stages of their careers and how they could be managed utilizing a framework for organizational socialization. The socialization of paramedics into the workforce needs to account for these performance expectations, especially considering the changing paradigm of paramedic work, role, and societal expectations. Patient or Public Contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Sweden and Finland both have experienced an exploration and mining boom, in particular, when comparing with the situation 10 years ago. The mining companies are once again highly profitable. A tax or royalty on produced mineral resources has been debated in both countries. The issue of ownership of minerals covered by the Mineral Acts is, however, not clear in any of the countries. Whether or not the State is regarded as the owner of minerals which are regulated by the Mining Acts, the State, however, does have a decisive influence on the exploration and extraction of mineral assets in Sweden and Finland. Ownership may also refer to holding of shares in a company exploring for or mining metals. In a broader context, the role of the State might be traced in mineral policies or strategies, which have been issued recently in several EU member states, Finland and Sweden included. This article, comparative in its nature, aims to investigate and analyse how the State in Sweden and Finland adjusts mineral rights and control of mining companies, and with a historical survey and a short international overview as a basis, the authors present a few observations on the role of the State for the countries' future mineral strategies. In this article, the role of the State in Sweden and Finland is discussed in a historical context as to ownership of mineral resources, regulatory rules and control of mining and ownership of State-mining and/or exploration companies. The article shows that different roads have been chosen historically depending on the current view of State ownership in society. This also means that mineral strategies must be continuously updated, and actively incorporating the historical experiences. We believe that the role of the State, as an owner or controller of the two countries' mineral resources and as regulator of exploration and mining activities, must be dealt with more thoroughly in both countries' mineral strategies. We also believe that Sweden and Finland, sharing an overall positive experience from State ownership and control in all the ways discussed in this article, also must share and communicate this to other countries and international organisations: firstly, in the EU and the European Commission and secondly, outside the EU and Europe and within the UN and the African Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a population based cohort study from five Nordic countries regarding the increase risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) in the maternal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The study has identified 30, 115 infants of mothers who had taken SSRIs during pregnancy and 1, 588, 140 infant of mothers who had not taken SSRIs. The study has found that the use of SSRIs during late pregnancy increased the risks of PPHN from 1.2 per 1000 liveborn infants to three per 1000.

Sweden had the lowest reported infant mortality rate (IMR) among countries of the world from 1920 until 1980. Since 1981, Sweden, Japan, and Finland have shared this number one ranking on a somewhat rotating basis. The United States ranks 18th. In 1985, the reported IMRs in Japan, Sweden, and Finland were 5.5, 6.8, and 6.3, respectively, while that of the United States was 10.6 per 1000 live births. This article presents detailed data on IMR in Sweden, Finland, and the United States. It also includes data on neonatal mortality, postneonatal mortality, age of death, and incidence of low birth-weight in the three countries. The paper briefly describes background information on maternal and infant care in Sweden and Finland, including prenatal care, labor and delivery, sex education, family planning, abortion, infant care, and social benefits in Sweden and Finland. The paper gives possible reasons for the achievement of the low IMR in Sweden and Finland, and considers the implications for the United States.