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E-Exercise Bases (EEB) are now used in the teaching of mathematics, especially at university. We discuss here the consequences of their use on the students' activity during computer lab sessions. Results stem from observations of several teaching designs organised in different French universities with three e-exercise bases. The analysis focuses on new tasks and on specific solving strategies, which appear using these resources. Moreover, specific didactic contract clauses are studied.

Background: Major bleeding is the leading cause of preventable mortality among trauma patients. Several studies have recently shown that prehospital plasma transfusion improves the outcomes of severely injured patients. Although no consensus has been reached, prehospital transfusion is regularly considered to reduce avoidable mortality. The objective was to assess the status of prehospital transfusion practices in France. Study Design and Methods: A national survey among the 378 advance life support emergency teams (SMURs) in metropolitan France was conducted from December 15, 2020 to October 31, 2021. A questionnaire was distributed by e‐mail to the physicians in charge of SMURs. The questions addressed the transfusion modalities, labile blood products (LBPs) used, and limitations encountered in implementing transfusion. Results: The response rate was 48%, and 82% of the respondents performed prehospital transfusions. A designated pack was used by 44% of the respondents. The LBPs used were packed red blood cells (100%), of which 95% were group 0 RH:‐1, fresh frozen plasma (27%), lyophilized plasma (7%), and platelets (1%). The LBPs were transported in isothermal boxes (97%) without temperature monitoring in 52% of the cases. Nontransfused LBPs were discarded in 43% of the cases. Reported limitations in implementing transfusion were the delivery time (45%), loss of LBPs (32%), and lack of evidence (46%). Discussion: Prehospital transfusion was developed in France but access to plasma remains difficult. Protocols allowing the reutilization of LBPs and improving conservation could limit the waste of a rare resource. Implementing the use of lyophilized plasma could facilitate prehospital transfusion. Future studies will need to specify the role of each LBP in the prehospital setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 24-year-old Senegalese woman without remarkable history except anemia and iron deficiency related to excessive menstrual bleeding and sickle cell trait was admitted to our internal medicine department with 4-month fever, weight loss (−13 kg), dyspnea for limited efforts, intermittent productive cough, and bilateral metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and interphalangeal arthralgia. She was born and lived in France. She traveled previously to Senegal in 2015. She had no history of tobacco, alcohol, or drug use nor proximity with animals. She was taking no medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Mycobacterium canettii forms part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Mycobacterium canettii infections are mainly described in the Horn of Africa. The permanent presence of French soldiers in Djibouti raises the question of the risk of being infected with M. canettii. Here, we describe M. canettii infections among French military and their families between 1998 and 2015. Methods This retrospective study relied on 3 sources of data: the reference center for mycobacteria in the Biology Department at Percy Military Hospital in Paris, the French Military Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, and the scientific literature. After an exhaustive census of the strains, we studied the epidemiological data on 20 cases among French soldiers and their families. Results Twenty cases of M. canettii infections are reported, including 5 unpublished cases. Adenitis predominates (n = 15), especially in the cervico facial area and among children; 1 case was observed 1 month after dental care in Djibouti. The pulmonary forms were less frequent (n = 6), and 3 atypical forms are described. All patients had stayed in Djibouti. Conclusions Cases of M. canettii infection among the French military consisted mainly of adenitis; disseminated forms were possible with immunodeficiency. Their evolution under specific treatments was comparable to that of tuberculosis. The presumed origin of the infection seemed to be environmental, possibly a water reservoir, and not due to human-to-human contagion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charles Estienne is the most versatile member of the French humanist dynasty of printers, the Estiennes, yet he has suffered from an unfavourable comparison with his father and brothers. This article accords him, at last, the respect he deserves. He authored a series of short compilations for young students between 1536 and 1540, printed in Paris and Lyon. These booklets, organized like beginners' dictionaries, propose a system of bridges between languages: Greek, Latin, and French. Presented as summaries, they can be read as attempts to structure and circulate knowledge according to a new 'printed' model, and they were reprinted and rearranged by Estienne in the 1550s, after he himself became a printer. His anatomical treatise, first published in Latin (1545) then in French (1546), also appears like a system of names and languages. As the translator of texts representing a wide variety of genres, Estienne plays on the different registers of the annotated edition, summary, compilation, and translation to effectuate the same trope: vulgarization, meaning accessibility for a great number of readers as well as translation into the vernacular. Similarly, the printing press addresses a great number of potential readers. The study enquires whether the technology of this first form of vulgarization calls for a second one, a 'vernacularization', whether printing also implies editing, and whether annotations and editions turn into translations. Taking Charles Estienne, the one-man printer, editor, translator and annotator as a case study, I explore the meaning of 'vulgarization' in the typographical workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: In 1992 France set up a national cystic fibrosis observatory (Observatoire national de la mucoviscidose, ONM) to monitor the state of health of patients on an annual basis. Using the ONM data, this study estimates the main indicators for life expectancy and assesses the total number of cystic fibrosis patients. Methods: The data for the years 1994 to 2003 are divided into 3-year periods. Life tables are drawn up for these periods, from which mean and median lengths of life are determined. Using the most recent life table, the number of births in 2003 and the incidence of the disease, the total population of patients can be estimated, assuming a stationary population. Results: In 2001–2003, life expectancy at birth of patients registered with the ONM was 39.1 years and median length of life was 36.4 years. These results, substantially better than those of 1994–1996, are linked to improved conditions of patient inclusion in the ONM database, to improvements in their healthcare, but also to the limitations of the life tables. Based on the 2003 data, the total theoretical number of patients is 6490, and coverage by the ONM database is thus 63.2%. Conclusions: These provisional results demonstrate the need to convert the ONM observatory into a registry providing exhaustive coverage of all patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract??E-Exercise Bases (EEB) are now used in the teaching of mathematics, especially at university. We discuss here the consequences of their use on the students? activity during computer lab sessions. Results stem from observations of several teaching designs organised in different French universities with three e-exercise bases. The analysis focuses on new tasks and on specific solving strategies, which appear using these resources. Moreover, specific didactic contract clauses are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents the author's predictions for the 2017 French presidential election in light of the 2012 French presidential election process, particularly noting the financial impact of the continued European economic crisis on the upper class who traditional is politically right-leaning. It comments on the projected rise in automobiles, social life in France, and the tumultuous aspects of French social change.

• The driving mode of an autonomous vehicle has a significant effect on the passenger's perceived acceptability of the vehicle. • The type of intersection in which an autonomous vehicle is located has no influence on the passenger's perceived acceptability. • The emotional state of the passenger seems to be an interesting indicator of the acceptability of the behavior of an autonomous vehicle. The acceptability of autonomous vehicles is an important issue for car manufacturers. The subject of this work attempts to address this issue in the context of conflict situations in urban environments. We present the results of a preliminary study that was conducted to investigate the effects of the driving mode and context on the acceptability of the behavior of an autonomous vehicle. We thus measured acceptability on 30 drivers confronted with three driving modes (defensive, aggressive, and transgressive) as well as different situations constituted by the most common urban intersections in France. We then formulated hypotheses on the effects that the driving mode, the context, or the socio-demographic characteristics of the passengers may have on their acceptability of the autonomous vehicle behavior. In the context of our study, the driving mode of the vehicle was the most influential parameter on the level of acceptability assessed by the participants. The type of intersection used did not result in a significant difference, nor did the socio-demographic characteristics studied. The results of these works allow an interesting first approach and lead us to guide our future works on the study of the parameters involved in the driving modes of autonomous vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Penetrating traumas are rare in France and mainly due to stabbing. Knives are less lethal than firearms. The initial clinical assessment is the cornerstone of hospital care. It remains a priority and can quickly lead to a surgical treatment first. Urgent surgical indications are hemorrhagic shock, evisceration and peritonitis. Dying patients should be immediately taken to the operating room for rescue laparotomy or thoracotomy. Ultrasonography and chest radiography are performed before damage control surgery for hemodynamic unstable critical patients. Stable patients are scanned by CT and in some cases may benefit from non-operative strategy. Mortality remains high, initially due to bleeding complications and secondarily to infectious complications. Early and appropriate surgery can reduce morbidity and mortality. Non-operative strategy is only possible in selected patients in trained trauma centers and with intensive supervision by experienced staff. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Gross examination is an essential step for pathological report of a surgical sample. It includes the description of the surgical specimen and their disease(s), the precise and exhaustive sampling of tumoral and adjacent tumoral tissue areas. This examination requires a good knowledge of the updated pTNM classification. Pathologists from the PATTERN group have collaborated with thoracic surgeons, under the auspices of the Sociéte française de pathologie, to propose guidelines for resected specimen management. This approach fits into the context of the elaboration of structured pathological report proposed by the société française de pathologie, which is necessary for a standardized management of patients., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Presence of anti-human leukocyte antigen donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) is associated with poor outcome after lung transplantation. Currently, DSAs are detected using the Luminex technique, which may be overly sensitive. The new C1q assay allows for the exclusive detection of complement (C1q)-binding antibodies, involved in antibody-mediated rejection. We investigated whether early detection of complement-binding DSAs is associated with chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and survival.From 2009 to 2012, lung transplant recipients from three transplantation centres were screened for the presence of DSA and their complement-binding capacity during the 6-12 months post-transplantation in a stable condition.The analysis included 168 patients. The 3-year rates of freedom from CLAD and graft survival were lower for patients with complement-binding DSAs (33.6% and 53.7%, respectively), as compared with patients with non-complement-binding DSAs (61.9% and 77.4%, respectively) and patients without DSA (70% and 84.9%, respectively) (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Detection of complement-binding DSA was associated with a risk of graft loss that was nearly tripled after adjustment for clinical, functional, histological and immunological factors (hazard ratio 2.98, 95% CI 1.33-6.66; p=0.008).Assessment of the C1q-binding capacity of DSA appears to be useful in identifying stable lung transplant recipients at high risk of lung allograft loss., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: H. Mal reports personal fees from Roche, Boehringer and CSL Behring, outside the submitted work. Support statement: This study was funded by Vaincre la Mucoviscidose (VLM). Funding information for this article has been deposited with the Crossref Funder Registry., (Copyright ©ERS 2018.)

We examined retrospectively the characteristics and the outcomes of intralobar sequestrations (ILS). We reviewed data we obtained from the medical records of patients with ILS who underwent surgery at Laennec, Georges Pompidou European, and Amiens South Hospital. From 1985 to 2010, 26 consecutive adults patients underwent surgery for ILS. There were 14 males and 12 females. The average age was 37.3 years. The ILS was right-sided in 11 patients (42.3%) and left-sided in 15 patients (57.7%). A systemic artery supply was found during the preoperative period in 11. Surgery consisted of lobectomy (n=20), bilobectomy (n=1), segmentectomy (n=4), and pneumonectomy (n=1). There were no postoperative deaths, and the postoperative course was uneventful in 20 patients. All patients were alive and faring well at long-term follow-up (mean follow-up 36.5 ± 7.2 months). Surgery consisted of lobectomy in most cases. The arterial supply came from the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta. Hemoptysis and/or recurrent infections were present in 14/26 (54%) of patients. These are the same symptoms as those leading to the diagnosis of bronchectasis. This suggests, for similar reasons, that ILS in adults should be nosologically very similar to acquired lesions, such as bronchectasis.