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This work is based on previous studies showing that a short conversational intervention (SCI) focusing on the causes of the story events is effective in promoting the causal and mental content of children's narratives. In these studies, however, not all the children improved their narratives after the SCI). The present study examined individual differences in the effectiveness of the SCI and investigated whether they were related to variation in the children's executive function skills such as cognitive inhibition and flexibility. Eighty 6- to 8-year-old French-speaking children participated in the narrative task and executive function tasks. In the narrative task, they first told a story (NAR1) based on the Stone Story made up of five wordless pictures involving a misunderstanding between two characters; each child then participated in the SCI, and finally narrated the story a second time (NAR2). Then, the children were presented with executive function tasks. Cognitive inhibition was assessed by the Animal Stroop test, and cognitive flexibility was assessed by a three-criterion classification task and a local/global figure-matching task. Group results showed that the children expressed the misunderstanding between the characters in mental terms significantly more in their second than in their first narratives. Results also showed individual variation in the post-SCI improvements and indicated a significant positive relation between large improvements in the children's post-SCI narrative and their inhibitory control skills. No significant relations were found in this study between large improvements and the two cognitive flexibility measures. These results suggest that narrative-promoting interventions should closely consider individual differences in the effectiveness of their procedures and envisage working not only on promoting narrative content but also on the skills needed to benefit from the interventions.

Phytopathogens are a threat for global food production and security. Emergence or re‐emergence of plant pathogens is highly dependent on the environmental conditions affecting pathogen spread and survival. Under climate change, a geographic expansion of pathogen distribution poleward has been observed, potentially resulting in disease outbreaks on crops and wild plants. Therefore, estimating the adaptive potential of plants to novel epidemics and describing the underlying genetic architecture is a primary need to propose agricultural management strategies reducing pathogen outbreaks and to breed novel plant cultivars adapted to pathogens that might spread under climate change. To address this challenge, we inoculated Pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana populations from south‐west of France on the highly genetically polymorphic TOU‐A A. thaliana population from north‐east France. While no adaptive potential was identified in response to most P. syringae strains, the TOU‐A population displayed a variable disease response to the JACO‐CL strain belonging to the P. syringae phylogroup 7 (PG7). This strain carried a reduced type III secretion system (T3SS) characteristic of the PG7 as well as flexible genomic traits and potential novel effectors. Genome‐wide association mapping on 192 TOU‐A accessions revealed a polygenic architecture of disease response to JACO‐CL. The main quantitative trait locus (QTL) region encompasses two R genes and the AT5G18310 gene encoding ubiquitin hydrolase, a target of the AvrRpt2 P. syringae effector. Altogether, our results pave the way for a better understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of the adaptive potential in an ecologically relevant A. thaliana–P. syringae pathosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2017, complaints of sexual violence have increased in France. At the same time, the management of sexual offenders has been at the center of international public health policies. The prevalence of mental disorders among sexual offenders is an essential field of research. There are some published studies on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in sexual offenders in detention, but there are few recent published studies among French individuals who were detained. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among persons detained for sexual offenses and the level of care received according to their diagnosis. For this purpose, we carried out a retrospective observational study from January 2017 to October 2021 of all adult sexual offenders, whether accused or convicted, who were seen in the psychiatric consultation unit of Les Baumettes prison, Marseille, France. The primary outcome measure was the psychiatric diagnosis entered in the medical records. One hundred forty‐two patients were included in analysis. All patients were men, and the majority (n = 97, 68.3%) of these patients presented with at least one psychiatric disorder, principally a personality disorder (31.7%). 10.6% presented with a schizophrenic disorder, 4.9% a bipolar disorder, 3.5% a depressive disorder, 5.6% pedophilic paraphilia, and 25.4% an addictive disorder. Their management and comorbid addictions were analyzed in subgroups for each psychiatric disorder. Patients appeared to receive an appropriate level of care for their diagnosed disorder. It seems important to develop structured assessment of recidivism risk for better management of sexual offenders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Precise data about ATTR-CM incidence rates at national level are scarce. Consequently, this study aimed to estimate the annual incidence and survival of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) in France between 2011 and 2019 using real world data. We used the French nationwide exhaustive data (SNDS database) gathering in- and out-patient claims. As there is no specific ICD-10 marker code for ATTR-CM, diagnosis required both amyloidosis (identified by E85. ICD-10 code or a tafamidis meglumine delivery) and a cardiovascular condition (identified by ICD-10 or medical procedure codes related to either heart failure, arrhythmias, conduction disorders or cardiomyopathies), not necessarily reported at the same visit. Patients with probable AL-form of amyloidosis or probable AA-form of amyloidosis were excluded. Results: Between 2011 and 2019, 8,950 patients with incident ATTR-CM were identified. Incidence rates increased from 0.6 / 100,000 person-years in 2011 to 3.6 / 100,000 person-years in 2019 (p < 0.001), reaching 2377 new cases in 2019. Sex ratios (M/F) increased from 1.52 in 2011 to 2.23 in 2019. In 2019, median age at diagnosis was 84.0 years (85.5 for women and 83.5 for men). Median survival after diagnosis was 41.9 months (95% CI [39.6, 44.1]). Conclusions: This is the first estimate of nationwide ATTR-CM incidence in France using comprehensive real-world databases. We observed an increased incidence over the study period, consistent with an improvement in ATTR-CM diagnosis in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Microbiota modulates plant health and appears as a promising lever to develop innovative, sustainable and eco-friendly agro-ecosystems. Key patterns of microbiota assemblages in plants have been revealed by an extensive number of studies based on taxonomic profiling by metabarcoding. However, understanding the functionality of microbiota is still in its infancy and relies on reductionist approaches primarily based on the establishment of representative microbial collections. In Arabidopsis thaliana, most of these microbial collections include one strain per OTU isolated from a limited number of habitats, thereby neglecting the ecological potential of genetic diversity within microbial species. With this study, we aimed at estimating the extent of genetic variation between strains within the most abundant and prevalent leaf-associated non-pathogenic bacterial species in A. thaliana located south-west of France. By combining a culture-based collection approach consisting of the isolation of more than 7,000 bacterial colonies with an informative-driven approach, we isolated 35 pure strains from eight non-pathogenic bacterial species. We detected significant intraspecific genetic variation at the genomic level and for growth rate in synthetic media. In addition, significant host genetic variation was detected in response to most bacterial strains in in vitro conditions, albeit dependent on the developmental stage at which plants were inoculated, with the presence of both negative and positive responses on plant growth. Our study provides new genetic and genomic resources for a better understanding of the plant-microbe ecological interactions at the microbiota level. We also highlight the need of considering genetic variation in both non-pathogenic bacterial species and A. thaliana to decipher the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the ecologically relevant dialog between hosts and leaf microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental fluctuations such as increased temperature, water availability, and air CO2 concentration triggered by climate change influence plant disease dynamics by affecting hosts, pathogens, and their interactions. Here, we describe a newly discovered Pseudomonas syringae strain found in a natural population of Arabidopsis thaliana collected from the southwest of France. This strain, called Psy RAYR-BL, is highly virulent on natural Arabidopsis accessions, Arabidopsis model accession Columbia 0, and tobacco plants. Despite the severe disease phenotype caused by the Psy RAYR-BL strain, we identified a reduced repertoire of putative Type III virulence effectors by genomic sequencing compared to P. syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000. Furthermore, hopBJ1Psy is found exclusively on the Psy RAYR-BL genome but not in the Pst DC3000 genome. The plant expression of HopBJ1Psy induces ROS accumulation and cell death. In addition, HopBJ1Psy participates as a virulence factor in this plant-pathogen interaction, likely explaining the severity of the disease symptoms. This research describes the characterization of a newly discovered plant pathogen strain and possible virulence mechanisms underlying the infection process shaped by natural and changing environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The most common autosomal recessive limb girdle muscular dystrophy is associated with the CAPN3 gene. The exclusively recessive inheritance of this disorder has been recently challenged by the description of the recurrent variants, c.643_663del21 [p.(Ser215_Gly221del)] and c.598_612del15 [p.(Phe200_Leu204del)], associated with autosomal dominant inheritance. Our objective was to confirm the existence of autosomal dominant calpainopathies. Methods: Through our activity as one of the reference centres for genetic diagnosis of calpainopathies in France and the resulting collaborations through the French National Network for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases (FILNEMUS), we identified four families harbouring the same CAPN3 heterozygous variant with supposedly autosomal dominant inheritance. Results: We identified a novel dominantly inherited CAPN3 variant, c.1333G>A [p.(Gly445Arg)] in 14 affected patients from four unrelated families. The complementary phenotypic, functional and genetic findings correlate with an autosomal dominant inheritance in these families, emphasizing the existence of this novel transmission mode for calpainopathies. The mild phenotype associated with these autosomal dominant cases widens the phenotypic spectrum of calpainopathies and should therefore be considered in clinical practice. Conclusions: We confirm the existence of autosomal dominant calpainopathies as an entity beyond the cases related to the in‐frame deletions c.643_663del21 and c.598_612del15, with the identification of a novel dominantly inherited and well‐documented CAPN3 missense variant, c.1333G>A [p.(Gly445Arg)]. In addition to the consequences for genetic counselling, the confirmation of an autosomal dominant transmission mode for calpainopathies underlines the importance of re‐assessing other myopathies for which the inheritance is considered as strictly autosomal recessive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The interaction between positive, negative and depressive symptoms experienced by people with schizophrenia is complex. We used longitudinal data to test the hypothesis that depressive symptoms mediate the links between positive and negative symptoms. Methods: We analyzed data from the European Schizophrenia Cohort, randomly sampled from outpatient services in France, Germany and the UK (N = 1208). Initial measures were repeated after 6 and 12 months. Depressive symptoms were identified using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), while positive and negative symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Latent variable structural equation modelling was used to investigate the mediating role of depression assessed at 6 months in relation to the longitudinal association between positive symptoms at baseline and negative symptoms at 12 months. Results: We found longitudinal associations between positive symptoms at baseline and negative symptoms at 12 months, as well as between both of these and CDSS levels at 6 months. However depression did not mediate the longitudinal association between PANSS scores; all the effect was direct. Conclusions: Our findings are incompatible with a mediating function for depression on the pathway from positive to negative symptoms, at least on this timescale. The role of depression in schizophrenic disorders remains a challenge for categorical and hierarchical diagnostic systems alike. Future research should analyze specific domains of both depressive and negative symptoms (e.g. motivational and hedonic impairments). The clinical management of negative symptoms using antidepressant treatments may need to be reconsidered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the incidence of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) has decreased since the 'Back to Sleep' campaign in English-speaking countries and other preventive campaigns, the circumstances of such deaths remain unclear. Aim: To analyse infant deaths recorded at the referral centre for sudden infant death of the West Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France (West PACA) and the forensic medicine department of Marseille University Hospital. Methods: Information on all SUID cases from 2000 to 2017 was extracted from the referral centre for sudden infant deaths in West PACA and the forensic medicine department of Marseille. Results: The study included 130 infants over the 17 years with a very similar distribution. There was a marked male preponderance, with 61.6% of boys whatever the age at death (sex ratio 1.6). Half of the deaths occurred in the first 6 months of life and the majority (61%) of infants died during autumn and winter. Nearly one-third (33.2%) had presented with minor infections and 21% had been seen by a doctor or had been admitted to hospital. Most deaths (86.4%) occurred during sleep (night or day). Nearly half of the infants (47.7%) were discovered in a prone position. A large majority of parents (90.7%) agreed to a post-mortem examination. Only 6.2% of deaths led to legal proceedings. Nearly 16.9% remained unexplained after compiling all the data included in the protocol and 9.2% remained unexplained because of incomplete investigation, including refusal of post-mortem examination. Abuse was involved in 2.3% of cases. Conclusions: Asymptomatic infectious conditions were associated with a high proportion of SUID cases. Non-supine sleep positions were still practised. There is a need to increase SUID prevention campaigns. Abbreviations: HAS, Haute Autorité de Santé: French National Health Authority; NICHD, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; PACA, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France; SUID, sudden unexpected infant death; SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome; CépiDc, Centre d'Epidémiologie sur les Causes Médicales de Décès/Center for Epidemiology on the Medical Causes of Death [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 1(FSHD1) is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with the contraction of D4Z4 less than 11 repeat units (RUs) on chromosome 4q35. Penetrance in the range of the largest alleles is poorly known. Our objective was to study the penetrance of FSHD1 in patients carrying alleles ranging between 6 to10 RUs and to evaluate the influence of sex, age, and several environmental factors on clinical expression of the disease. Methods A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in six French and one Swiss neuromuscular centers. 65 FSHD1 affected patients carrying a 4qA allele of 6-10 RUs were identified as index cases (IC) and their 119 at-risk relatives were included. The age of onset was recorded for IC only. Medical history, neurological examination and manual muscle testing were performed for each subject. Genetic testing determined the allele size (number of RUs) and the 4qA/4qB allelic variant. The clinical status of relatives was established blindly to their genetic testing results. The main outcome was the penetrance defined as the ratio between the number of clinically affected carriers and the total number of carriers. Results Among the relatives, 59 carried the D4Z4 contraction. At the clinical level, 34 relatives carriers were clinically affected and 25 unaffected. Therefore, the calculated penetrance was 57% in the range of 6-10 RUs. Penetrance was estimated at 62% in the range of 6-8 RUs, and at 47% in the range of 9-10 RUs. Moreover, penetrance was lower in women than men. There was no effect of drugs, anesthesia, surgery or traumatisms on the penetrance. Conclusions Penetrance of FSHD1 is low for largest alleles in the range of 9-10 RUs, and lower in women than men. This is of crucial importance for genetic counseling and clinical management of patients and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Musique, Images, Instruments is the property of Editions du CNRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Data on the digenean parasites of 2238 teleosts from the Scandola Nature Reserve off Corsica are presented. These represent the largest general survey of digenean parasites attempted in the Mediterranean region and is the result of major collections and systematic reports published over the past 20 years. The number of different digenean species recorded from 63 fish species was 102. Full parasite-host and host-parasite lists are presented, with information on the geographical distribution of the parasites, their site within the host and the prevalence, adundance and intensity of the infections. The digenean fauna of teleosts off Corsica is compared with that in other regions of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. A more detailed analysis of the diversity of these parasites in sparid fishes indicates that the digenean diversity off Corsica is far greater than that in other parts of the Mediterranean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the rise of medical malpractice suits related to bariatric surgery in France between 2002 and 2013. Topics discussed include information on the medical malpractice system in France, the notion of a medical accident without malpractice, and the areas that need improvement in the surgical management of patients being treated for morbid obesity.

Following the French law n° 98–468 of 17 June 1998 relative to the prevention of sexual offenses and the protection of minors, social and judicial follow-up and court-ordered treatment were introduced with the aim of reinforcing the prevention of recidivism. Court-ordered treatment is one of the possible obligatory measures provided for by social and judicial follow-up. However, there is no consensus between the different professionals concerning the criteria of indication and the final purpose of this measure. Most of the few available studies are retrospective. Only rare studies have assessed the influence of criminological factors on the indication of court-ordered treatment. We carried out a nation-wide qualitative comparative study in two populations, psychiatric experts and sentencing judges, by means of e-mail questionnaires. The aim was to determine the criteria for court-ordered treatment according to psychiatric experts and to sentencing judges, to identify the criteria that gave rise to differences in appreciation between these professionals, and to attempt to explain these differences. The secondary aim of the study was to determine the methods and tools used in expert practice to evaluate dangerousness and risk of recidivism. We obtained 20 responses in each of the two populations. The great majority of psychiatric experts and sentencing judges considered that court-ordered treatment was appropriate when the offender presented with psychiatric dangerousness, and so with an underlying mental disorder. When a subject had no identified mental disorder, the psychiatrists were divided in their opinion, whereas the majority of sentencing judges were in favor of court-ordered treatment. Opinions differed particularly significantly between the two populations in four circumstances: a subject with an antisocial/psychopathic personality disorder, a subject who denied the alleged acts, the influence of precarious social circumstances and the influence of instability in intimate relationships. The majority of experts used international classifications (DSM-5 and ICD-10) as a basis for their psychiatric diagnosis. Just under half of those surveyed used structured or semi-structured interview guides and only a few stated that they used standardized actuarial tools to assess risk of recidivism. The concepts of care, dangerousness and mental disorder are associated with multiple representations that certainly play a part in the disagreements between the different professionals. It is of prime importance to define these concepts more clearly in order to encourage the use of a common language and to clarify the indications and purpose of court-ordered treatment. We also hypothesize that disagreements between professionals regarding the criteria for court-ordered treatment may be related to certain difficulties raised by the management of the convicted person. The development of guidelines that could be used by all professionals would help to reduce some of these difficulties. Psychiatric experts remain attached to clinical evaluation. Their limited use of assessment tools may relate to the material constraints and time constraints involved. The issue at stake in court-ordered treatment and social and judicial follow-up is to promote cooperation between the various professionals by creating a space for exchange of ideas where the fundamental questions raised by these measures can be discussed, fears shared and knowledge pooled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study covers a fifty-year period between 1953 and 2005 and looks at secular trends in stature, weight and sitting height sizes among French boys and girls between the ages of 3 and 11. A special modelling in function to the age and variable for each child was established so that a comparison could be made in the kinetic growth patterns over these same two periods. Statistical analysis shows a significant increase in growth, of 0.8cm per decade in stature, characterised by a certain increase in the lower limbs and the weight (0.8kg per decade) together with a proportional increase on the body mass index. Positive secular trends of this anthropometric nature are generally thanks to improved eating and sanitary habits and this study enables us to build and elaborate new standards in growth patterns essential for monitoring auxological development in 3 to 11-year-old children in the years 2000 and onwards. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Vascular anomalies are a complex pathological group. They are especially difficult to study because of confusion in the terminology used. The classification developed by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) in 1996 allows using a common scientific language. There are two groups of lesions: vascular tumor and vascular malformation. The management of these anomalies is difficult and must involve an interdisciplinary approach including specialists in plastic surgery, radiology, pediatry and dermatology. We propose a simplified approach for the management of these pathologies. This approach is coming from the experience of Marseille (France) multidisciplinary team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]