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The first creation of literature is most probably criticism. It was criticism which established its very pioneer theory that what real literature is. On this question there are different point of views one can find between Plato and Aristotle. Plato focused on ethical grounds and objectives of literature and on other hand Aristotle wanted pleasure from it. Same thoughts are common in every era of history and it is actually the reality of literature. Realism as a movement firstly started in France in 19th century. The French scholars discussed about complex characters and real issues of the society. In this research article magic realism in Iqbal's Persian Poetry has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Political Philosophy / Las Torres de Lucca is the property of Revista Las Torres de Lucca. Facultad de Filosofia, Ciudad Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Political Philosophy / Las Torres de Lucca is the property of Revista Las Torres de Lucca. Facultad de Filosofia, Ciudad Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In France, an academic view of dance held sway until the 1960s. However, the growing recognition of contemporary dance by the French ministry of culture and by local authorities since the 1970s culminated in the constitution of an artistic world distinct from that of classical dance. A mixed economic system has been set up, with contemporary dance companies depending not only on subsidies but also on funding from theatres and festivals, which either purchase or coproduce performances. This 'subsidised market' combines the allocations of subsidies by public bodies and the relatively-free decisions of venue managers. In spite of substantial increases in scheduling and attendance figures, this market is characterized by a structural imbalance linked to a gap between the number of performances produced annually and the outlets offered by the distribution networks. The enlarging of the audience is therefore essential to the future of this artistic movement in France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on what intervening means on the basis of unexpected developments during an intervention on mental health which was requested by the Department of Work in France. It analyzes the clinical conditions that are implemented to support a positive framework for professionals. It also discusses how the different steps of the intervention contribute in the civilization process.

Thierry (Theodoricus Brito o Carnotensis) was the Chancellor of the cathedral school of Chartres from 1142 to 1150. Although he mainly commented on Boethius, his own work can be considered as a personal synthesis of Platonist, Neo-Platonist and Aristotelian sources. Being convinced of the pro-pedeutical value of the liberal arts for theology, he gives a wide range especially to the quadrivium. This essay concentrates on his Tractatus de sexdierum operibus, and shows that causality is the axis of his ontological comprehension of reality (rerum universitas): from a philosophical point of view, causality explains the existence of real multiplicity from the One, whereas the theological perspective shows creation as the work of the Triune God. Causality, as Thierry understands it, implies participation, thus guaranteeing the causal capacity of natural beings and, consequently, their real autonomy within their realm, though dependent on the supreme cause, without which nothing would exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes how Saint Bonaventure treats the philosophy of nature in the collationes devoted to Hexaëmeron that are classified within the genre of reportationes. At the faculty of arts at the University of Paris, the study of Aristotle from the commentaries of Averroes was consolidated. Averroistic theses are seen as a setback in a historic line marked by the divine revelation. The intelligence of the Christian wisdom demonstrated by the fact that we have managed to select consistent and competent old worldly wisdom according to the Revelation. St. Bonaventure intends to show to teachers and students that there is an incompatible science with the principles of the Christian faith: faith that is interpreted as genuine wisdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the creation of the first album, "Ça me vexe," from French singer Mademoiselle K. The production of a particular song is discussed, from start to finish. The author notes that the production of a song is not merely an artistic creation, but a collaboration of many individuals in order to combine multiple aspects of the song-making process.

The paper examines the determinants of the creation of high tech SMEs at a regional level. Relations between the scientific and technical profile of a region, the size of the local market for biotech products and services, and economic development are explored in the French biotech industry during the 1990's. Empirical analysis shows that a high level of scientific activity within a region is necessary to sustain a continuous flow of new business creation. The likelihood of firm creation depends on scientific and technological organizational factors like cooperation between academic and private organizations. Regional policies can have positive impact on firm creation, especially by promoting diversity and excellence in science. However, contrasting with the U.S. results, the size of the local market for biotech products and services matters in the industry development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]