1. Cardiovascular, hematological and neurosensory impact of COVID-19 and variants.
- Author
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Chachques JC, Mazzini L, Mitrecic D, Zavan B, Rogante M, Latremouille C, and Rustichelli F
- Subjects
- COVID-19 pathology, COVID-19 therapy, COVID-19 virology, Coronavirus 3C Proteases ultrastructure, Cytokine Release Syndrome, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation pathology, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Foot blood supply, France, Gangrene pathology, Gangrene physiopathology, Hand blood supply, Humans, Ischemia pathology, Ischemia physiopathology, Noninvasive Ventilation, Plasma Exchange, Raynaud Disease pathology, SARS-CoV-2, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ultrastructure, Synchrotrons, Vasculitis pathology, Anosmia physiopathology, COVID-19 physiopathology, Cyanosis physiopathology, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation physiopathology, Dysgeusia physiopathology, Myocarditis physiopathology, Raynaud Disease physiopathology, Vasculitis physiopathology
- Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this article was to review our clinical experience with COVID-19 patients observed in the Cardiovascular Division of Pompidou Hospital (University of Paris, France) and the Department of Neurology of the Eastern Piedmont University (Novara, Italy), related to the impact on the cardiovascular, hematological, and neurologic systems and sense organs., Patients and Methods: We sought to characterize cardiovascular, hematological, and neurosensory manifestations in patients with COVID-19 and variants. Special attention was given to initial signs and symptoms to facilitate early diagnosis and therapy. Indications of ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) for cardiorespiratory support were evaluated., Results: Preliminary neurosensorial symptoms, such as anosmia and dysgeusia, are useful for diagnosis, patient isolation, and treatment. Early angiohematological acro-ischemic syndrome includes hand and foot cyanosis, Raynaud digital ischemia phenomenon, skin bullae, and dry gangrene. This was associated with neoangiogenesis, vasculitis, and vessel thrombosis related to immune dysregulation, resulting from "cytokine storm syndrome". The most dangerous complication is disseminated intravascular coagulation, with mortality risks for both children and adults., Conclusions: COVID-19 is a prothrombotic disease with unique global lethality. A strong inflammatory response to viral infection severely affects cardiovascular and neurological systems, as well as respiratory, immune, and hematological systems. Rapid identification of acro-ischemic syndrome permits the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation complications. Early sensorial symptoms, such as gustatory and olfactory loss, are useful for COVID-19 diagnosis. New variants of SARS-CoV-2 are emerging, principally from United Kingdom, South Africa, and Brazil. These variants seem to spread more easily and quickly, which may lead to more cases of COVID.
- Published
- 2021
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