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Meeting the European Commission's 'Fit for 55' climate goals by the year 2030 in the context of the trilemma of security of supply, environmental sustainability, and competitiveness will require concerted efforts from the Member States on all fronts. Among others, it will require optimised techno-economic solutions that offer sustainable decarbonisation pathways for the concurrent decarbonisation of many sectors of the economy. This paper attempts to provide empirical evidence of the 'rooftop solar PV+EV concept' efficacy as a promising pathway to decarbonise France's transport, power and building sectors concurrently. Using the System Advisor Model (SAM), we find that if rooftop solar PV is installed on half of the available roof space, and if half of the passenger vehicle owners replace their internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) with EVs by 2030, then France can meet 20 %–42 % of total electricity demand in the three most populous cities. Moreover, the solar PV + EV coupling can reduce CO 2 emissions from passenger vehicle use and electricity generation by 43 %–48 %. Also, the coupling can be a potentially worthwhile investment with a payback period of 2–3 years, a levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of about €0.04/kWh, and a net present value (NPV) of €6–19 billion without a feed-in tariff. We analyse the potential implementation challenges of the 'rooftop solar PV + EV concept' and propose some solutions. Finally, we argue that coupling rooftop solar PV + EV in cities is a cost-effective strategy to decarbonise urban energy, transport and building sectors concurrently. Therefore, the government should consider enacting combined rooftop solar PV + EV decarbonisation policies that offer economic and environmental benefits. • Rooftop solar PV+EV can meet 20%-42% of electricity demand in France's three most populous cities. • Rooftop solar PV+EV can reduce CO 2 emissions from vehicle use and power generation by 43%-48%. • Coupling PV+ EV can be a potentially worthwhile investment with a payback period of 2-3 years, an LCOE of €0.04/kWh, and an NPV of €6-19 billion without a feed-in tariff. • Coupling rooftop solar PV+EV in cities is a cost-effective strategy to decarbonise urban energy, transport and building sectors. • The government should consider enacting PV+EV combined decarbonisation policies that can offer economic and environmental benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the potential contribution that interconnectors can provide to efficiently support the security of interconnected power systems. The proposed modelling setup introduces a radical paradigm shift in the operation of the interconnectors and in their interactions with multiple markets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that models a simultaneous allocation of the interconnector capacity for the exchange of energy and of inertia-dependent primary frequency response. The benefits and impact of this new methodology are evaluated with typical market indicators (e.g., social welfare and interconnector revenues) under two different paradigms: a centralized approach where the interconnectors are operated to minimize the system operational cost and a market-based framework where the interconnectors are privately-owned assets with self-interested objectives. By modelling the interconnectors as “price-maker”, the proposed work quantifies the potential inefficiencies of market solutions while considering key elements such as capacity withdrawing. A case study of the GB-France systems assesses the value of interconnectors on system efficiency and security under the considered paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]