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Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between dividend policy and stock price volatility in the tech industry in France. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The relationship between dividend policy and stock price volatility in France's tech industry reveals that high dividend payouts may initially attract investors seeking income but can also increase stock price volatility. This volatility often arises from market reactions to dividend announcements and shifts in investor sentiment about company financial health and growth prospects. Effective management of dividend policies is crucial for tech firms to balance investor expectations with strategic growth initiatives while mitigating market risks. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Agency theory, signaling theory & market timing theory may be used to anchor future studies on the relationship between dividend policy and stock price volatility in the tech industry in France. Developing dividend policies that balance the need for capital reinvestment in innovation with shareholder expectations for income stability. Tailoring regulatory frameworks to accommodate the unique dynamics of the tech industry, including its rapid growth and innovation cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: On the occasion of this previously unpublished parietal representation of the Saïga antelope in the cave at Colombier (Ardèche, France), of which a detailed description is supplied including its position in the cave, the support and its techno-stylistic characteristics, a critical review of all the known representations of the Saïga in parietal art has been carried out. In fact there are at present only six representations of this animal on cave walls, which are known to offer sufficient detail of the species to permit their identification and one of these representations has still to be published. As a basis for the diagnosis, a zoological study of the species is supplied. In order to envisage the place that the Saïga figures could hold in superior Paleolithique man''s thinking, first of all a study comparing the different representations, in particular locality, degree of symbolism, association, style – exclusively due to the engraving technique – has been made. Confirmation of the Saïga as an indicator of climatic conditions is reinforced by the presence of its image at Solutrian and Magdalenian at the same point in time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The handling of issues related to national security which often implies conducts and values at variance if nor contrary to democratic norms seem to have been achieved without too problematical difficulties in the case of France. Thus was developed a modulated juridical system to protect security against external and internal threats without violating the requirement of rule of law. Likewise, civil rights such as conscientious objection and information were safe from encroachment by the state. France's historical posture but also its statist tradition have helped until now the resolution of dilemmas that stem from maintaining national security within the realm and the control of the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents views and insights of the author concerning the modern French military establishment. The author discusses the issue of military performance and combat effectiveness of the military. Information about the effect of technology on military operations and military sociology is also discussed.

The article reports that in some countries career succession is common and more emphasized, like the case of French army officer corps and more specifically of the Saint-Cyriens. It also stated that father-to-son succession is a common phenomenon especially in the legal and medical professions. It was also mentioned that endorecruitment does not only show a son of an officer or a gendarme tends to adopt the profession of an army but also indicates a situation where they are led to choose the same service like their father. Furthermore, professional similarity with close relatives like cousins, grandfather or uncle was also noted.

There is little doubt that the French military establishment has been undergoing a pattern of organizational change known as the decline of the mass army. However, careful inspection shows that while this mutation is occurring, the French military institution still exhibits some of the defining features of the traditional mass armed forces model. One of these sequels is conscription. The retention of universal military service in France, particularly after 1960, may be attributed to the cumulative effects of three factors: budgetary considerations, the attitudes of the career military, and, perhaps most importantly, the deep attachment of the French Left for this type of organization. For most of the Left, the point of having a a conscript army has been to prevent praetorianism and to make it more difficult for the ruling bourgeoisie to rely on military coercion for domestic purposes. It is predicted that budgetary and strategic considerations will tend to force voluntarization of the French armed forces within the next decade, a proclivity which will increase with the likelihood that the Left will no longer oppose it. However, some kind of satisfaction to the ideological and historical tradition of the nation in arms may have to be given, at least symbolically, so that popular participation in national defense will be ritually preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objectives: The goal of the present study was to test the impact of ST segment resolution (STR) after rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the short-term prognosis., Background: The prognostic value of STR after rescue PCI for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains undetermined., Methods: From the French regional database, we analyzed 168 consecutive patients with STEMI and failed lysis, defined by <50 percent STR, who underwent rescue PCI. Patients were classified into two groups according to the degree of STR from the maximal ST-elevation measured on the single worst ECG lead before lysis and after rescue PCI: the without STR group (<50% STR) vs. the with STR group (> or =50%)., Results: After rescue PCI, 26 (15%) patients did not have STR and 142 (85%) patients did. No difference was observed between the two groups regarding baseline characteristics, risk factors, and median time delay either from symptom onset to thrombolysis or from failed lysis to rescue PCI. We observed a lower proportion of patients with TIMI 2/3 flow post PCI in the without STR group (respectively 61% vs. 97%, P < 0.001) but an increased use of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (34% vs. 8%, P < 0.001) in this group. Thirty-day mortality was markedly higher in the without STR group than in the with STR group (27% vs. 9% respectively, P = 0.025). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that absence of STR (OR: 5.65; 95% CI: 1.24-25.67), was an independent prognostic factor for mortality., Conclusions: We showed for the first time that analysis of ST-segment resolution may be a simple reliable tool to identify patients at high risk after rescue PCI, and may provide useful information for the elaboration of therapeutic strategies., (Copyright 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)