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This article aims to broaden the debate about pedagogical residency in Brazil by making a comparison with what occurs in France, emphasising the initial education of mathematics teachers. France is undergoing changes in its national education system, one of the goals of which is to improve mathematics performance, which has been declining for the past 30 years. In the framework of a great plan that is beginning to be implemented in French national education, we have the investment in the conditions of the teaching performance as one of the strong points of the reform, which brings as one of the measures a pre-professionalization proposal. We try to compare that proposal with the pedagogical residency in Brazil, without ignoring the historical and cultural differences. To do so, we conducted an exploratory research based on current official documents available from the Brazilian and French governments about the proposals that have been occurring in mathematics teaching. This research was done as part of a post-doctoral study in France. Among the results observed in France, we consider that an extension of the duration of the pedagogical residency in Brazil initially proposed by CAPES would be pertinent, as well as an increase in the value of the grants, to appreciate initial teacher education. We also believe that it is necessary to have a national project to value the teaching career in Brazil with more investments in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This theoretical essay portrays part of the postdoctoral research on the foundations of French didactics and phenomenology: approximations and departures between the proposals of Chevallard and Husserl and their unfolding. The aim of the text is to present the Anthropological Theory of Didactics (TAD) in its fundamental aspects, its purpose and its scope in the teaching of mathematics. The methodology of understanding and interpretation of the articles studied was inspired by phenomenological philosophical hermeneutics. One of the main contributions of this research is that in the perspective opened by the TAD, we can make affirmations about the mathematical doing and to cause modifications in this making that relate to the praxeologia of classroom itself and on the apprentice learning of the mathematical path traced by it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The following corrected information are given below: Kilian Laclavetine SP 1 sp SP 1 sp Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNAM, Fellow of the Postdoctoral Scholarship Program at UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, Advised by Dr. Erik Velásquez García. Macro X-ray fluorescence scanning, multi- and hyperspectral imaging study of multiple layers of paintings on paneled vault in the church of Le Quillio (France) The third affiliation of Kilian Laclavetine and acknowledgement statement were omitted from the article by Laclavetine et al1. [Extracted from the article]

The author discusses aspects of the trend toward the short-termism in the funding in science. The author says that their experiment on light-matter interaction could have attained success if reliable financial support has been given. He also adds that starting salaries at the research agencies in France are lower than in postdoctorals (postdocs) by European Research Council (ERC) grants.

The article profiles Jérôme Chave in Paris, France. He belongs to a family with no particular interst in nature. He obtain his postdoctoral diploma in mathematics and physics from the École Centrale where he pursued a doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) on the statistical properties of complex systems at the French Atomic Energy Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics in Saclay near Paris. During his postdoctoral studies, he met some ecologists investigating paleo-environments in Africa and South America that caught his interest. Such encounter aroused his interest about the tropical forest and before he knew it, he was walking in a pristine rainforest in French Guiana designing a model of tree population dynamics.

Focuses on the decision of the author to have his postdoctoral program in Paris, France. Experience of living in a foreign country a different culture; Compensation received by the author; Outlook of the author on the program.

As the author was trying to decide between a postdoc in Paris, France and a similar position in the United States,the global nature of science was hampering his choice. One factor that may weigh heavily in his final decision is the level and stability of government funding for scientific research in respective countries. The recent protest by French scientists in response to their government's spending plans was alarming. Other aspects he was considering included overall quality of life, cultural surroundings and the feasibility of obtaining a faculty appointment. As the quality of science is excellent in both places, making a decision will be hard. Certainly, one good thing has emerged from his dilemma, he will pay a lot more attention to how the dollar is doing versus the euro than used to.