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Abstract: Purpose: The fast modifications in French medical legislation, the increasing number of litigations and the professional consequences for the practitioner warrant the necessity to recall the “how to manage” a claim for medical error. Patients and methods: Four cases of legal action against oncologists are presented. Results and discussion: The importance of quality and traceability of the given information, the essential pieces of the medical file, the description of the different process steps and of the contradictory meeting are presented and discussed. Conclusion: Beyond the control of medical and technical risks, the practitioners in general and the radiation oncologist in particular should learn on the daily management of the risk related to medical claim. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]