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The specific details of the French national programme are based on the design of a local mass screening programme. Men in the screening group are repeatedly invited by mail to be screened while no information other that the national available guidelines on the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is offered to the control group. The protocol includes randomization before information and consent. In addition, knowledge of any pre-existing PSA test is obtained through the health insurance database. This will allow separate analysis, if necessary, between groups with previous PSA testing (low participation rate expected) and without (higher participation rate expected). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep disturbances have been singled out for their implication in the risk of several cancer sites. However, results for prostate cancer are still inconsistent., Methods: We used data from the EPICAP study, a French population-based case-control study including 819 incident prostate cancer cases and 879 controls frequency matched by age. Detailed information on sleep duration on work/free days, and sleep medication over lifetime was collected., Results: Sleep duration and sleep deprivation were not associated with prostate cancer, whatever the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. However, sleep deprivation was associated with an increased prostate cancer risk among men with an evening chronotype [OR, 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-3.70]. We also observed an increased risk of prostate cancer with higher duration of sleep medication use (Ptrend = 0.008). This association with long duration of sleep medication use (≥10 years) was more pronounced among men who worked at night 15 years or more (OR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.30-11.4) and among nonusers of NSAID (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.15-3.75)., Conclusions: Our results suggested that chronotype, night work, or NSAID use could modify the association between sleep disorders and prostate cancer occurrence needing further investigations to go further., Impact: EPICAP is the first study, which investigates several sleep indicators taking into account potential effect modifiers. If our findings were confirmed, we could identify subgroups of men at higher risk of prostate cancer that may be accessible to preventive measures., (©2022 American Association for Cancer Research.)

Aim: The objective of this study is to present the history of cancers of the external genital organs of male in Hérault using data from the Hérault tumor register (RTH) over a period of 30 years., Patients and Methods: Using the RTH database, we studied the development of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) and penile cancer (PC) over 30 years, from 1987 to 2016. We analyzed the incidence and mortality data for these tumors. We compared these results to French, European and global data., Results: In 30 years of registration we have recorded 725 cases of TGCT and 175 cases of PC. The age standardized incidence rate (ASR) of TGCT has doubled between 1987 and 2016 (4.2 per 100,000 in 1987 and 9.3 per 100,000 in 2016). It was multiplied by 2.63 in the population of patients aged 30 to 44. There is a decrease of the mortality rate with a ASR of 0.8 deaths per 100,000 in 1987, and 0.4/100 000 in 2016. The PC incidence ASR was stable between 1987 and 2016 (0.4-0.9/100,000). Mortality is stable with a ASR between 0.1 and 0.3 deaths per 100,000 between 1987 and 2016., Conclusion: The incidence of TGCT has increased sharply in the Hérault over the past 30 years, while a decrease in mortality has been observed. The proportion of seminomas is increasing; it has gone from 53 % to 60 % in 30 years in the Hérault. The incidence and mortality of PC shows a stability in the Hérault over the past 30 years., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: There is a lack of information about the burden of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The present work aims to estimate the incidence and prevalence of mCRPC in 2014 using the French nationwide healthcare database (SNDS)., Methods: Prevalence and incidence were estimated based on an SNDS extraction of men covered by the general healthcare insurance (86 % of the French population), and aged ≥40. Patients with mCRPC were identified amongst prostate cancer cases using an algorithm estimating a date of first metastasis management and a date of castration resistance. This algorithm was validated by clinical experts through a blind review of 200 anonymized medical charts from SNDS data. Prevalence and incidence were standardized on the European Standard Population (2013 edition)., Results: Prevalence and incidence of mCRPC were estimated as, respectively, 62 and 21 cases per 100 000 men in 2014. Less than one mCRPC case per 100 000 was observed in men aged 40-49. Maximum mCRPC incidence was in men aged 80-89 (175 per 100 000). The algorithm used for mCRPC identification had 97 % positive and 99 % negative predictive values., Conclusion: The good performances of the algorithm for mCRPC identification and the consistency of the generated results with the existing data highlight the robustness of these first estimates of mCRPC prevalence and incidence. Future updates will call for algorithm adjustment as practices evolve over time. These first real-life data will serve for future follow-up of the impact of changes in the management of prostate cancer., (Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: In 2016, the Herault tumor registry collected 1961cancers in urology (21.4 % from all Herault cancers this year). RHESOU was created to complete RTH' data with specific parameters in onco-urology. The aim of this study is to describe RHESOU and to give some examples with our first results., Material and Methods: In November 2018, RHESOU (Registry HErault Specialised in Onco-Urology) was founded with the same registry recommendations. It collects specific oncologic parameters and also complete RTH's data. For each urological cancer, a specific survey with different choices was performed to collect a maximum of data which could be present in patients' file. These surveys were used for urological cancers cases that live in Herault in 2017., Results: In 2017, we collected 970 prostate cancers, 581 bladder cancers, 212 kidney cancers, 51 upper excretory tract cancers, 28 testicle cancers and 9 penil cancers. Our urological data collection gives many possibilities to create many requests for detailed analysis in urological cancers. In this article, we reported data from kidney, bladder and prostate cancers., Conclusions: RHESOU is a new tool opened to the different urologic corporations (urologists, pathologists, oncologists, radiotherapists, radiologists) that permits an overview in urological cancers in Herault. Finally, one important aim is that this tool will be adapted when new treatments or new important parameters appear in the years ahead., Level of Evidence: 3., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Prostatectomy (PT) is a common procedure performed by many urologists. In 2018, 20,207 prostatectomies were performed in France, and few studies evaluated the perioperative habits of urologists. As part of writing guidelines for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) we wished to evaluate practice of urologists in their hospital management of a prostatectomy., Materiel and Methods: A questionnaire was sent by Survey Monkey in June and July 2018 to all urologists who are members of the French Association of Urology., Results: One hundred and sixty seven urologists (14%) answered the questionnaire, 62% have private practice. The average number of operators per center performing PT was 4, with a median number of 70 interventions (0 to 486) per center in 2018. Open surgery is still gold standard (39.13%), followed by the robot-assisted transperitoneal laparoscopic (34.78%) and standard laparoscopic (24.22%). Alimentation, like first stand-up, was re-established on the first post-operative day, and the average hospital stay was 4±2 nights. The removal of the bladder catheter was most often performed at home by nurse (49.06%), one week after surgery. Only 10.06% of urologists systematically perform a cystography before removal urinary catheter., Conclusion: The perioperative management of prostatectomy in France is relatively homogeneous, between urologists. The length of hospital stay remains important and could be reduced by proposing an ERAS protocol as has been obtained for cystectomy., Level of Evidence: III., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

In oncology, the expanding use of multi-gene panels to explore familial cancer predisposition and tumor genome analysis has led to increased secondary findings discoveries (SFs) and has given rise to important medical, ethical, and legal issues. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics published a policy statement for managing SFs for a list of genes, including 25 cancer-related genes. Currently, there are few recommendations in Europe. From June 2016 to May 2017, the French Society of Predictive and Personalized Medicine (SFMPP) established a working group of 47 experts to elaborate guidelines for managing information given on the SFs for genes related to cancers. A subgroup of ethicists, lawyers, patients' representatives, and psychologists provided ethical reflection, information guidelines, and materials (written consent form and video). A subgroup with medical expertise, including oncologists and clinical and molecular geneticists, provided independent evaluation and classification of 60 genes. The main criteria were the "actionability" of the genes (available screening or prevention strategies), the risk evaluation (severity, penetrance, and age of disease onset), and the level of evidence from published data. Genes were divided into three classes: for class 1 genes (n = 36), delivering the information on SFs was recommended; for class 2 genes (n = 5), delivering the information remained questionable because of insufficient data from the literature and/or level of evidence; and for class 3 genes (n = 19), delivering the information on SFs was not recommended. These guidelines for managing SFs for cancer-predisposing genes provide new insights for clinicians and laboratories to standardize clinical practices.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). Cet article est retiré de la publication à la demande des auteurs car ils ont apporté des modifications significatives sur des points scientifiques après la publication de la première version des recommandations. Le nouvel article est disponible à cette adresse: DOI:10.1016/j.purol.2019.01.007. C’est cette nouvelle version qui doit être utilisée pour citer l’article. This article has been retracted at the request of the authors, as it is not based on the definitive version of the text because some scientific data has been corrected since the first issue was published. The replacement has been published at the DOI:10.1016/j.purol.2019.01.007. That newer version of the text should be used when citing the article., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Epidemiological studies have suggested that prostatitis may increase the risk of prostate cancer due to chronic inflammation. We studied the association between several genitourinary infections and the risk of prostate cancer based on data from the EPICAP study. EPICAP is a population-based case-control study conducted in the département of Hérault, France, between 2012 and 2014. A total of 819 incident cases and 879 controls have been face to face interviewed using a standardized questionnaire gathering information on known or suspected risk factors of prostate cancer, and personal history of genitourinary infections: prostatitis, urethritis, orchi-epididymitis, and acute pyelonephritis. Odds Ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval were estimated using multivariate unconditional logistic regression. Overall, 139 (18%) cases and 98 (12%) controls reported having at least one personal history of genitourinary infections (OR = 1.64 [1.23-2.20]). The risk increased with the number of infections (p-trend < 0.05). The association was specifically observed with personal history of chronic prostatitis and acute pyelonephritis (OR = 2.95 [1.26-6.92] and OR = 2.66 [1.29-5.51], respectively) and in men who did not use any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR = 2.00 [1.37-2.91]). Our results reinforce the hypothesis that chronic inflammation, generated by a personal history of genitourinary infections, may play a role in prostate carcinogenesis., (© 2018 UICC.)

Background: COU-AA-301 trial has proved that abiraterone acetate (AA), a selective inhibitor of androgen biosynthesis, improved overall survival (OS) of patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after a first line of docetaxel. Based on this result, a Temporary Authorization for Use (TAU) was performed between December 2010 and July 2011 to provide patients with mCRPC the opportunity to receive AA before its commercialization. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of AA treatment in this TAU., Methods: Between December 2010 and July 2011, we conducted an ambispective, multicentric cohort study and investigated data from 20 centres participating to the AA TAU for patients presenting mCRPC and already treated by a first line of chemotherapy (CT). Statistical analyses of the data were performed using the Stata software v13 to identify predictive and prognostic factors., Results: Among the 408 patients, 306 were eligible with a follow-up at 3 years. Median OS was 37.1 months from beginning of CT and 14.6 months from AA introduction. 211 patients (69%) received ≥ 3 months of AA and 95 patients (31%) were treated less than 3 months. In the multivariate analyses, duration of AA was significantly correlated with PSA decrease at 3 months. Additionally, shorter time under AA treatment, presence of multiple sites of metastasis and previous hormonal treatment duration were three independent factors associated with poorer OS. At the time of analysis ten patients were still under treatment for more than 3 years., Conclusions: Biochemical response monitored by PSA changes at 3 months is a strong predictive factor for AA treatment duration. Some high responders' patients could beneficiate from AA for more than 3 years.

Purpose: To assess oncologic outcomes after salvage radiotherapy (SRT) without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with persistently detectable PSA after radical prostatectomy (RT)., Methods: Two hundred and one patients who failed to achieve an undetectable PSA received SRT without ADT. The primary endpoint was failure to SRT that was defined by clinical progression or use of second-line ADT. Clinicopathological parameters, 6-week PSA level, PSAV and pre-SRT PSA levels were assessed using time-dependent analyses., Results: Median postoperative 6-week PSA and pre-SRT PSA levels were 0.25 and 0.48 ng/mL, respectively. Median time between surgery and SRT was 7 months. Failure to SRT was reported in 42.8 % of cases with the need for second-line ADT in 26.9 % of cases. Pre-SRT PSA was strongly correlated with postoperative 6-week PSA (p < 0.001) but not with PSAV. The risk of SRT failure was increased by threefold in case of Gleason score 8-10 (p = 0.036) or pT3b cancer (p = 0.006). Risk group classification based on these prognostic factors improved SRT failure prediction. Survival curves confirmed that 5-year ADT-free survival rates were significantly influenced by PSAV (p = 0.002) and pre-SRT PSA (p = 0.030)., Conclusions: In patients with persistently detectable PSA after RP and selected for local salvage treatment, SRT offers good oncologic clinical outcomes. The most powerful pathologic predictive factors of SRT failure include a pT3b stage, a Gleason score 8 or more cancer and high PSAV and pre-SRT PSA levels. Patients having a high PSAV >0.04 ng/mL/mo would be potentially better candidates for a systemic therapy due to a high SRT failure rate.

Objective: To try and identify a molecular signature for pathological staging and/or grading. through microarray analysis., Patients and Methods: We performed a prospective multicentre study between September 2007 and May 2008 that included 108 bladder tumours (45 pTa, 35 pT1 and 28>pT1). Microarray analysis was performed using Agilent Technologies Human Whole Genome 4 × 44K oligonucleotide microarrays (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). A 'dual colour' method was used vs a reference pool of tumours. From the lists of genes provided by the Biometric Research Branch class comparison analyses, we validated the microarray results of 38 selected differentially expressed genes using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR in another bladder tumour cohort (n = 95)., Results: The cluster 'superficial vs invasive stage' correctly classified 92.9% of invasive stages and 66.3% of superficial stages. Among the superficial tumours, the cluster analysis showed that pT1b tumours were closer to invasive stages than pT1a tumours. We also found molecular differences between low and high grade superficial tumours, but these differences were less well defined than the difference observed for staging., Conclusions: We confirmed that the histopathological classification into subgroups pTa, pT1a and pT1b can be translated into a molecular signature with a continuous progression of deregulation (overexpression or repression of these genes) from superficial (pTa) to more invasive (pT1a then b) stages., (© 2013 The Authors. BJU International © 2013 BJU International.)

Objective: To assess the frequency, circumstances, and possible medico-legal consequences of the pT0 prostate cancer, defined by the absence of tumor in a radical prostatectomy specimen., Methods: Six centers retrospectively identified all cases of pT0 and selectionned those that occurred without prior hormone therapy or prostate resection. Preoperative data, histological report and clinical and biological outcome were analyzed. The lawsuits' registry in pathology were consulted at insurance companies., Results: Thirty cases of pT0 prostate cancer (0.4%) were reported on 7693 patients. The median age was 63years, PSA 7.4ng/mL. The number of positive preoperative biopsies ranged from one to four for a median tumor length of 1mm (0.3 to 18mm). The biopsy Gleason score was 3+3 for 23 patients, less than 5 for six others and included a contingent of grade 4 in two patients. With a median follow-up of 82months, no clinical or biochemical recurrence was observed. One patient complaint for pT0 prostate was found in the insurances registry., Conclusion: The occurrence of a prostate pT0 called into question all the diagnostic procedures and surgical indication. To avoid a forensic procedure, urologists should inform patients of the possibility of this situation before radical prostatectomy., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Prostate cancer is an important disease in terms of economic implications because of its increasing incidence and health care costs. We assessed the direct costs of the clinical management of prostate cancer in France. A retrospective study based on population-based data was carried out. Eight hundred and seventy-nine cases of prostate cancer diagnosed in five departments were included in a 5-year follow-up study. The economic analysis adopted the health-care payer's perspective and took into account only the direct costs. The mean cost of managing patients was estimated at euro12,731. It is composed of 49 to 82% of initial treatments according to the therapeutic strategy. The follow-up constituted between 3 and 11%, the costs of treatments for side effects between 1 and 3% and the travel cost between 3 and 7%. Cumulative total costs over 5 years for each treatment group showed variation in costs. Costs were highest for patients who were treated with external-beam radiotherapy and lowest for those with watchful waiting. The cost burden of prostate cancer is high and varies according to the treatment type. This study yielded a cost analysis of the different management practices of patients with prostate cancer.

Objectives: To describe and evaluate prescriptions of sick leave by urology surgeons for different kinds of interventions., Methods: Between January and April 2006, a web-based survey was completed by urology surgeons on a voluntary basis. The analyzed data pertained to personal characteristics of the surgeons, mean duration of sick leave for 15 interventions and the type of job of the patient (strenuous or not). Analyses were performed with software SAS™ version 9.2. Descriptive analyses were performed and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to search for statistically significant differences between variables (p<0,05)., Results: One hundred and forty-eight surgeons were involved and 145 answers could be analyzed. Mean age of the surgeons was 46,3±9,4years. Urology surgeons were in the public sector (n=73/140; 52%), in private practice (n=43/140; 31%) or both (n=24/140; 17%). Kruskal-Wallis test showed that all patients who had a job considered as strenuous had significantly longer sick leave prescriptions. Younger surgeons (under 40) used to prescribe shorter sick leaves than their older counterparts., Conclusion: Sick leave prescriptions of the urology surgeons were globally homogeneous in this survey. Only a few interventions were the occasion of discordant prescriptions depending upon the age or practice (public/private) of the surgeons. Several hypotheses could be further explored as regard the source of variation in sick leave prescriptions. These results are usable for those stakeholders who are interested in continuous medical education and evaluation., (Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Introduction: Prostate cancer was the most common cancer in men in France in 2005, and the second cause of male death from cancer. In this study, we analyzed clinical characteristics of patients with prostate cancer diagnosed in France in 2001 with a focus on therapeutic management of localized prostate cancers., Patients and Methods: A total of 2181 cases of prostate cancer diagnosed in 2001 from 11 French counties covered by a cancer registry were analyzed. A descriptive study of the clinical characteristics of patients was performed. Parameters studied included age, county, TNM stage, PSA value, Gleason score, D'Amico prognostic group, Charlson's comorbidity index and initial treatment modalities. For localized cancers, multivariate logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with radical prostatectomy., Results: The proportion of localized prostate cancer (T1 or T2) was 86.6 %. The use of invasive curative treatment (radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy) was 58.4 % for localized cancers. Significant differences in therapeutic management were found between counties. Radical prostatectomy was associated with age at diagnosis, D'Amico prognostic group and the presence of comorbidities., Conclusions: Most of prostate cancers diagnosed in France in 2001 were clinically localized and were treated by invasive therapy. The consequences of these practices remain to be determined given the limited evolution of many prostate cancers and the frequency of adverse events related to invasive treatments., (Copyright 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Mass screening modalities remained controversial and made necessary large studies. The European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate cancer (ERSPC) was initiated in 1994. Eight countries including France are participating., Methods: ERSPC is a multicentric randomised study and started with the aim to determine whether a 20% reduction in prostate cancer mortality can be achieved with PSA-based screening. Men aged 50-74 and living in the Tarn or Hérault were included. After randomization and exclusion of men who died or had a prostate cancer were invited to participate by giving their consent and had a PSA test. In case of PSA greater than or equal to 3 ng/ml, biopsy was recommended. Included men in both screening and control group were followed through cancer registries. Objective was to present first round results of French participation to ERSPC, to determine factors of participation and to compare detected cancers cases between both groups., Results: Population of men included was 84,781 and were randomized in screening (n=42,590) or control (n=42,191) group. Participation rate was 36.9% in Tarn and 24.3% in Hérault. PSA was greater than or equal to 3 ng/ml in 15,4% of cases (n=1812) and 45.9% of men (n=832) who were biopsied. Age, previous PSA performed within two years prior to invitation, health insurance and department of residence were significantly associated to participation rate. Cumulated incidence with a four years follow-up was 2.48% (n=1053) in screening and 1.99% (n=840) in control group, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.242. Corresponding RR for Tarn and Hérault were 1.37 and 1.20 respectively. Clinical parameters and treatments modalities were similar between both screening and control groups (radical prostatectomy 68% and radiation therapy 20%)., Conclusion: Participation rate at first round was modest. Profile of men who participated compared to men who did not were different. The control group was probably contaminated by PSA testing outside study protocol. Consequences at ERSPC level of this low participation rate on final analysis remain to be determined.

Objective: The measurement of PSA serum levels is central to all early detection programs for prostate cancer. Although individual PSA values were known to fluctuate in the short and long term, the influence of insolation and seasons on PSA had not been addressed to date. To assert the relationship between total and free PSA and meteorological data in 8644 participants (55-70 years) in the French arm of the ERSPC study., Methods: Blood sample was taken at the local laboratory after informed consent and frozen sera were sent for central testing of total and free PSA. PSA measurement was performed within 7 days on the Access 1.0 automat with Hybritech reagents. Monthly meteorological data -- insolation, daily temperatures and rain precipitations -- were obtained from the local branches of the National Meteorology Agency., Results: Total PSA -- but not free PSA -- was correlated with insolation, that is the monthly accrual in hours of sunshine during which the intensity was higher than 120 Watt x m(-2) (r = 0.05 (95%CI: 0.03-0.07; p < 0.0001)) while no relationships were shown between insolation and percent-free PSA (free PSA divided by the total PSA). Interdependence between total PSA and insolation was also apparent with respect to the 3 ng/mL ERSPC cutoff for recommending biopsies (213.1 vs. 206.2 hours, p = 0.004). Such relationship was even more evident in summer when the tested participants more often had a PSA > 3 ng/mL (17.1% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.0006) than in the rest of the year, resulting in 23% more chances of being referred for biopsies (Odds ratio 1.23, 95%CI: 1.10-1.40)., Conclusions: Total PSA was shown to be strongly associated with insolation and seasons while the percent-free PSA was not influenced., (European Association of Urology)

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and toxicity of an immunotherapy regimen combining subcutaneous (SC) interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-alpha (IFN) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC)., Methods: The present study included 86 patients with MRCC. Data on treatment toxicity and efficacy (responses rates and overall survival) were collected on a hospital database. Treatment consisted of 6-week cycles repeated every 2 months for a maximum of 3 cycles. Each cycle included SC IL-2 20 x 10 MIU/m2 3 times/wk on weeks 1 and 4; 5 x 10 MIU/m2 3 times/wk on weeks 2, 3, 5, and 6, in combination with IFN 6 x 10 MIU/m2 once weekly on weeks 1 and 4; and 3 times/wk on weeks 2, 3, 5, and 6., Results: Seventy (82%) and 71 (83%) patients received more than 80% of the planned doses of IL-2 and IFN during the first cycle, respectively. Ten patients had to stop therapy before the end of the first cycle because of excessive toxicity (7 patients) or rapidly progressive disease (3 patients). Only 17 (28%) proceeded to the second cycle. Main toxicities included fever and asthenia in 86 (100%) patients, nausea/emesis in 83 (96%) patients, skin disorders in 69 (80%) patients, hypotension in 56 (65%) patients, and diarrhea in 50 (58%) patients. Sixty-seven (78%) patients developed at least one episode of grade 3 toxicity. Objective responses were observed in 13 patients, including 4 complete and 9 partial responses (15%; 95% confidence interval, 9.5-20.5%). After a median follow-up of 45 months, the median time to progression was 4 months (range, 1-41) and the median survival was 14 months (range, 1-89)., Conclusions: Only a small subset of patients with MRCC is likely to benefit from treatment with IL-2 and IFN. As toxicity is significant, the refinement of predictive variables for sensitivity to immunotherapy is mandatory.

Objective: The objective of this study is to present the characteristics of urological cancers in the Hérault department based on data of this department's cancer registry., Methodology: We analysed the course of all urological data over a 14-year period, from 1987 to 2000, based on the Hérault cancer registry database. Incidence and mortality chronological trends, the risk of cancer before the age of 75 years, and regional estimations were calculated for each cancer site. Data for each cancer site were also compared to French, European and international data., Results: 9,556 urological cancers were reported over a period of fourteen years: 8,779 in males and 777 in females. Urological cancers represented 30.1% of all male cancers and 3.6% of all female cancers. The probability of developing a genital cancer before the age of 75 years for a man was 12.6% and the probability of a urinary tract cancer was 3.2% in males and 0.8% in females. The incidence of prostate cancer has more than tripled over this 14-year period, while the mortality has remained stable. The incidence of renal cancers in both sexes is also increasing, while that of bladder cancers is decreasing. The incidence of cancers of the penis, testis and upper urinary tract has remained stable over time.