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This article focuses on the phenomenon of the social openness of French Grandes Ecoles. Since the 2000s, a multitude of measures and mechanisms have been developed in France with the aim of broadening the recruitment base of elite institutions criticized for their lack of diversity. But twenty years later, the results are mixed. This text attempts to shed light on the understanding of this situation based on research on the functioning of a support system set up by a network of engineering schools to diversify the profiles of their students, es. The results of the survey carried out with three categories of actors involved (pilots, students). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cathedrals represent some of the finest examples of interconnections architectural, aesthetic, functional, but also the structural design of the building. Their main motivation for the actual construction has been from its beginnings celebration of God, interconnections him with and gathering of believers. The emphasis placed on the aesthetics of the whole building was so crucial. But not always architectural elements were in accordance with the statics of the building. Gothic architecture, based on the earlier Romanesque buildings, points to the development of structural elements. They allow for further development, particularly in terms of building height but also the width of the wall. The aesthetic aspect which has been emphasized, however, was unaffected. Conversely, there has been the emergence of new non-standard architectural solved part of the cathedrals. The dominant design features were the use of external supporting systems, cross vaults and arches as well, which allowed for Gothic buildings to reach huge heights. Due to the fact that the beginnings of Gothic architecture are associated with France, the publication includes analysis of Gothic cathedrals with significant influence of this component, but also historical significance to the future development of this style. It is the cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris, cathedral in Reims and cathedral in Chartres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]