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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: In the second half of the eighteenth century, Paris, the City of Light, was to become the leading industrial centre on the continent, due to the transformation of organic urban waste using acids (ammonium sulphates and Prussian blue). Ragmen, knackers and saltpeter dealers were responsible for collecting. Three times more densely populated than London at that time, Paris was the leading producer of gun powder, thanks to the chemical rationalisation of resourcing and saltpeter transformation. By the beginning of the nineteenth century, gilding specialists, hatmakers, dyers, leather curriers, and launderers were using more and more acids such as mercury and chlorines. Along with the medical and pharmaceutical schools, large laboratories provided high-level training to entrepreneurs. Pharmacies were the locus of diffusion of innovations for craftsmen. In the suburbs, acid manufacturies were set up in former residential buildings and they contributed to making the capital the major actor in the industrial chemistry revolution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Observation, interpretation, actions for improvement, questioning are all terms that echo the situation of caregivers since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in France at the beginning of 2020. All those involved in the healthcare chain have had to cope with the influx of patients and to show that they are capable of seeing their practices evolve on a daily basis. What was recommended a few weeks earlier could quickly become obsolete. It was necessary to be reactive and the question of drug treatments was at the heart of the concerns, requiring prescribers to keep themselves informed and pharmacists to be as mobilized as possible to respond to requests from the field as quickly as possible., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The evolution of community pharmacist education is guided by successive reforms. They aim to reduce the gap between academic education and community pharmacy practice but the perception regarding these reforms is poorly documented. The present study describes the cross-perceptions between community pharmacists, pharmacy students and academics teachers regarding the gap between academic education and community pharmacy practice, and, therefore, the essential knowledges and skills for the community pharmacy practice., Methods: This study was conducted between April 2017 and April 2018 using an electronic survey for community pharmacists, academic teachers and pharmacy students. The results were discussed regarding previous studies with the aim to detect improvement points and vigilance related points., Results: This study shows that the pharmacy education program remains to be improved: 77% of respondents believe that there is a significant gap between the initial education program and the community pharmacy practice., Conclusions: This cross-perception helps to better identify the several ways to improve the points of vigilance and the associated-barriers. All the propositions by the three groups of respondents prior ask for a better definition of the needed skills for community pharmacy practice before determine the most important knowledges and pedagogic methods to reach these. All these propositions seem consistent with reducing the gap between pharmacy education and community pharmacy practice but they also raise several questions about unicity of the pharmacy graduation in France., (Copyright © 2020 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Evaluate the level of knowledge and perceptions of French and Quebec hospital's pharmacists/residents about bibliometrics indicators applied in pharmacy. Identify the determinants associated with this knowledge., Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. An anonymous questionnaire of 17 questions answers was developed. The questionnaire was published on the SurveyMonkey site (www.SurveyMonkey.com, SurveyMonkey, Portland, OR, USA) and released from March 19 to April 9, 2018. We calculated and compared the proportion of respondents in Quebec and France by using a Chi 2 test. A value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant., Results: A total of 899 pharmacists (646 in Quebec and 253 in France) and 147 residents (70 in Quebec and 77 in France) were contacted by email. The survey was completed by 401 respondents, e.g., 301 in Quebec (participation rate: 42%) and 100 in France (30%). Overall 26% (106/401) of respondents (67/301 in Quebec vs. 39/100 in France) reported having knowledge or good knowledge of those indicators. These data are corroborated by many other results., Conclusions: Small proportions are aware of those indicators. A good knowledge is associated with being a French pharmacist, working in a teaching hospital or university, having a professional experience of 10 years or more, be involved in a research project, having a scientific watch or having an online profile on database. It appears necessary to inform pharmacists and residents on notoriety indicators., (Copyright © 2018 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: HIV infection affects about 150,000 people in France. In total, 30,000 of them are unaware of their serostatus. In this context, HIV self-testing has arrived in France in September 2015. The aim of our study was to analyze the level of application of the recommendations during the purchase of an HIV self-test. Our primary hypothesis was that the delivered information is poor., Methods: We realized a comprehensive transversal and observational study with surveys without modification of practice in all Caen pharmacies. The primary endpoint was the seller's assessment of the presence or possibility of an emergency situation requiring a post-exposure prophylaxis and suitability assessment of self-testing for the patient's case., Results: Seven pharmacies out of the 41 visited (17.07%) validated our primary endpoint. In all pharmacies, 43.9% had HIV self-tests available for sale. The availabality of the self-tests is linked to the main endpoint (P<0.005). In total, 31.71% of the vendors redirected the patient to another method of screening (general practitioner, sexual health clinic…)., Discussion: The delivered information about HIV self-tests is poor. Improving it would put the pharmacist at the heart of the HIV screening strategy. The introduction of training for the professionnals in our region could be interesting to improve the dispensing of the self-tests., (Copyright © 2018 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Abstract: The pharmacist working in the dispensary, in PUI or in other dispensation structures, is exposed to several types of legal actions for negligence and/or damage. Like all others, the pharmacist is subject to common law allowing her to seek civil or criminal liability. Also as a member of an organized profession in professional, the pharmacist is also subject to an ethics designed to seek its moral responsibility to his peer''s pharmacists. For a decade, the pharmacist has acquired through its pivotal role between the different health professionals, new possibilities for action (therapeutic education, status of matching pharmacist, pharmacist referent status of residential homes for elderly dependents…). This leads to increasing research responsibility of the practitioner during actions in justices. Of the large number and scattered texts that regulate the service of dispensing pharmaceuticals, the pharmacist often has difficulty in understanding the scope and limits of its responsibilities in a dispensation. It therefore seemed appropriate to produce a summary as complete as possible civil liability, criminal and disciplinary related to the pharmacist dispensing the drug. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]