Search

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Malgré l'apparition dès l'ère mésopotamienne de la responsabilité médicale, une apparente impunité du médecin sera de mise jusqu'au XIXe siècle. En France, il faudra attendre les codes napoléoniens de 1804 et 1810 afin de dissocier clairement les responsabilités civile et pénale du médecin. Si la responsabilité pour faute reste aujourd'hui la règle en matière médicale, la notion de responsabilité sans faute introduite par révolution industrielle et la législation sur les accidents du travail a été reprise par la loi Kouchner de 2002. Elle ouvre définitivement la voie à une indemnisation statutaire et légale de l'accident médical non fautif au titre de la solidarité nationale via l'Office National d'Indemnisation des Accidents médicaux (ONIAM) et les Commissions de Conciliation et d'Indemnisation (CCI). L'expertise en responsabilité médicale est aujourd'hui le pivot du processus d'indemnisation des victimes. Elle oriente le magistrat dans la reconnaissance d'une responsabilité médicale fautive ou non fautive et l'aide à fixer le montant de l'indemnisation allouée au regard du dommage corporel. Despite the appearance from the Mesopotamian era of medical responsibility, an apparent impunity of the doctor will be in place until the 19th century. In France, it will be necessary to wait for the Napoleonic codes of 1804 and 1810 in order to clearly dissociate the civil and criminal responsibilities of the doctor. If liability for fault remains the rule in medical matters today, the concept of liability without fault introduced by the industrial revolution and the legislation on industrial accidents was taken up by the Kouchner law of 2002. It definitively opens the way to a statutory and legal compensation for non-faulty medical accidents under national solidarity via the National Office for Compensation for Medical Accidents (ONIAM) and the Conciliation and Compensation Commissions (CCI). Expertise in medical liability is now the backbone of the victim compensation process. It guides the magistrate in the recognition of faulty or non-faulty medical liability and helps him to set the amount of compensation allocated with regard to bodily injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In France, midwives are a medical profession with defined competences and operate autonomously only in eutocia, where their responsibility is full and complete. The recent extension of their field of competence to gynecology, orthogeny and ultrasound creates new problems and requires an adapted and effective initial training. The aim of this article is to describe the legal liability of midwife during childbirth according to their place of practice (i.e. public or private institution). In the public sector, midwives are allowed to perform low-risk eutocic childbirths without physician assistance. However, the ultimate person in charge of the delivery room is the obstetrician-gynecologist (OB-GYN). This is problematic in terms of sharing information, especially when the doctor is on-call with longer response of intervention. It is then necessary to analyze the schedule, the content and methods of the shifts or the telephone calls, the traceability of which is often difficult. In the private sector, the midwife, except in special cases, works under the responsibility of the OB-GYN who is fully responsible for his patients. The development of new modalities of practice exposes them to manage extremely complex situations, especially when transferring patients to hospital in case in medical indication. It seems very difficult to determine at what precise moment the responsibility passed from the independent midwife to the establishment. This will be even more if this activity has not always been approved by all the hospital staff concerned. Finally, the revival of home births or even births without medical assistance brings back complications that we thought definitively forgotten and raises extremely complex questions of responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Le risque médico-légal spécifiquement lié à la pratique de la chirurgie ambulatoire (CAMB) est encore mal précisé. SHAM, premier assureur en responsabilité civile médicale en France, est une source pertinente d’informations par le biais des dommages ayant conduit à une déclaration de sinistre. Objectif: Le but de l’étude était de décrire la sinistralité en CAMB comparé à la chirurgie non ambulatoire (CNA). Type d’étude: Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective des dossiers de sinistres déclarés auprès de SHAM et clôturés entre 2007 et 2011 pour comparer l’épidémiologie de la sinistralité en CAMB versus CNA. Matériel et méthodes: L’ensemble des dossiers a été colligé dans la base de données SHAM, puis analysé. Résultats: Sur la période, la CAMB a généré 467 déclarations de sinistres parmi les 29 565 sinistres enregistrés soit 1,6 % du total des sinistres déclarés ; 2151 sinistres sur 29 098 en CNA ont conduit à une condamnation par un tribunal soit 7,4 % versus 33/467 en CAMB soit 7 %. Les condamnations pour la CAMB représentent donc 1,5 % du total (33/2184) pour 1,7 M€ (versus 400,3 M€ pour CNA) soit un coût moyen de 50 500 € (versus 186 000 € en CNA). Les spécialités concernées sont principalement la chirurgie ophtalmologique, digestive et orthopédique. Les principales causes sont une faute médicale (n =16) ou une infection nosocomiale (n =13). Conclusions: En CAMB, la sinistralité est proportionnellement moins fréquente avec des indemnisations trois fois inférieures et correspond aux chirurgies les plus pratiquées. Sa connaissance permettra d’aider à renforcer la démarche qualité en CAMB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUME: Dans quelles conditions l'exercice de la citoyenneté au sein de l'entreprise peut elle s'exercer ? Est-ce que les coopératives, et plus précisément les SCOP (sociétés coopératives et participatives), seraient des formes d'organisations dépassées, expression de la survivance des corporations et de formes datées d'associations de producteurs devant réagir à la défaillance de leur entreprise ou au contraire porteraient elles une réponse opérationnelle efficiente aux problèmes de gouvernance et d'exercice non «cosmétique» de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises? Les études sur le sujet ou les décisions prises en France par nombre d'acteurs pour accéder aux marchés financiers montrent que beancoup d'interrogations existent sur la nature de la « modernité » des formes juridiques adaptées aux défis de la mondialisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Anthropologie et Sociétés is the property of Anthropologie et Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on risk taking in sports from a legal perspective. The authors present a dialogue among each other from the points of view of a legal scholar and ethnologist. The contradiction between societies that seek to minimize risk and violence and the practices of many sports that either minimize or accept a certain degree of risk is explored. The author also examines attitudes towards violent acts in sports and whether the French public believes that the legal system should be involved.

Copyright of Sociologie du Travail is the property of Association pour le Developpement de la Sociologie du Travail and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a few situations, the consequences secondary to a carcinological pathology require an assessment of damages for compensatory purposes. This is particularly the case when liable parties have been found to be at cause of the disease: occupational pathologies in the case of inexcusable employer's fault, exposure to a radioactive risk, for example in the context of full compensation for damages suffered by the victims of nuclear experiments performed by France, or lastly, in the after-effects of late diagnosis. This article does not discuss the imputability of cancer pathologies to an event, but it proposes an adaptation of methods for assessing damages, in an attempt to provide full compensation for damages., (Copyright © 2021 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

While the profession of advanced practice nurse has finally been codified, this new regulation raises issues. Today, nursing is no longer subject to altruistic ideology. Advanced practice nurses have real expertise which has consequences on their responsibility. It is essential to be fully aware of the legal framework in which they practise., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Presentation of data collected on urology claims from the register of a French insurance company., Material and Method: Compensation claims involving urologists covering the period 2009-2018 were identified and analyzed., Results: A total of 37 files were found. Oncological and functional surgical interventions accounts for 78% of repair claims. Postoperative complications represent 76% of the cases. The most represented acts are total prostatectomy (5) and promonto-fixation (4). The average time of complaint is 28.6 months [1-144 months], the average duration of a procedure (opening-closing) is 32.8 months [12-72 months]. The Conciliation and Compensation Commissions (CCC) and the High Court Courts (HCC) were solicited respectively in 51% and 33% of the proceedings. An amicable agreement is found in 16% of cases. There was no criminal or disciplinary proceedings. The average cost of a closed urology file is 7836 € [0-31,120 €]. In total, 64.8% of the expertises confirm practices in the respect of the rules of the art., Conclusion: This series presents the first forensic analysis of a portfolio of urologists on a period of 9 years in French urology. There is a rate of responsibility retained against the practitioner in only 27% of cases. The low rate of faulty files, the absence of a conviction for breach of the duty to provide information and in connection with antibiotic prophylaxis seem to confirm that the practice of urology in France is of good quality, a further study on a longer period of time and on a larger cohort of urologists would allow a finer medico-legal approach., Level of Evidence: 3., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Mental disorders lead patients along paths of irrationality. Insanity is perceived as excessiveness, often associated with violence. Risk in psychiatry is omnipresent and nursing practice is performed within a narrow safety zone. The media coverage of sensitive situations does not help. Ensuring the patient's recovery, respecting the fundamental principles of individual freedom while assuring the utmost safety of others is the constant challenge facing caregivers in psychiatry., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The transplantation of gut microbiota addresses a critical gap in the treatment of recurrent severe Clostridium difficile infection, and clinical trials are ongoing throughout the world for other potential broader clinical indications. As the fecal flora inoculum has currently no legal status under European law, we consider it provisionally a sui generis biological drug rather than a human tissue transplantation, with major implications in terms of legal liability in France. The inoculum obeys a derogation to the pharmaceutical preparation rules, is processed under microbiological control, and therefore should carry a special obligation for informed consent from recipients. Failing industrializable solutions to date, this practice for the modulation of human microbiome suggests that the current legal definition of the biologic drug as well as the rules for donation and use of human-originated substances should be complemented. A new category of therapeutic products could be considered in European law, unless a rapid technological progress (the French Agency ASNM classified FMT as a drug in March 2014)., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Context: Concern about euthanasia and medically assisted suicide is currently growing around the world and particularly in France. Though not authorized at present in France, the role of hospital pharmacist in this issue needs to be discussed., Objectives: This article aims to gather medical and legal literature of European Union member states on these issues and particularly in France. To propose a practical thinking on the possible role of hospital pharmacist., Results: Among European Union, euthanasia and/or assisted suicide have already been introduced in some member states' laws. In France, Leonetti law currently sets the legal framework for the management of end of life. To address the society's demand on these issues, French President F. Hollande made two ethics committees responsible for working on it. Both were mainly against euthanasia and assisted suicide. Though a bit forgotten in this debate, hospital pharmacist needs to be associated in the thinking, as the main "drug-keeper". Indeed, guidelines are necessary to outline and ensure a safe drug use, complying with professional ethics, if lethal doses are voluntarily prescribed., Conclusion: Pharmaceutical work is in constant evolution and is addressing new issues still unanswered, including assisted suicide and euthanasia. French pharmaceutical authorities should seize upon them, in order to guarantee pharmaceutical ethics. These practices, if authorized by law, should remain exceptional, and law strictly enforced. The pharmacist could be one of these "lawkeepers"., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)