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Copyright of Revista de Sociología is the property of Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scienza & Politica is the property of University of Bologna, Department of Political & Social Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this theoretical essay is to discuss the concept of symbolic violence proposed by Pierre Bourdieu and, based on his criticism, to establish a new proposal in the light of Adorno's critical theory, which improves it, insofar as it apprehends in a more specific way the subjectivity. For Bourdieu, symbolic violence is invisible violence, exercised by symbolic means of communication and knowledge, which is established in a relationship of subjugation-submission and which results from domination, of which the dominated is an accomplice. Seeing some gaps in Bourdieu's concept, we set up an expanded conceptualization based on Adorno's thinking, emphasizing subjectivity and designating through which processes symbolic violence is established. By symbolic violence, we understand that the enlistment of the subject in a reality that constrains him, in summary, even if subtly and imperceptibly, to fit into certain predispositions, perceived as social conditions, occurs through the degeneration of his subjectivity through the projection, identification, and individuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current article presents a section of an investigation dedicated to researching the construction of children's subjectivity within the prevailing capitalist social model. The considerations here are aimed at discussing the existing relations between the Cultural Industry and the process of child reification. The contemporaneity has produced a childhood that expresses a more and more fragmented child: sometimes self-assured, sometimes dependent; sometimes autonomous; sometimes tutored; sometimes an individual who exists here and now; sometimes a being to be prepared for the future. The research in question, of a qualitative nature, took as sources of analysis journalistic articles published by the print and digital media that present how the little ones have been inserted, in a frenetic way, in the logic of consumption. From the theoretical-methodological standpoint we take as reference the Frankfurt critical theory, in particular, the reflections of the first generation researchers of the Frankfurt school. The analysis of the material made it possible to identify how the presence of mechanisms created by the Cultural Industry has operated in favor of the universalization of subjects, contributing, from the point of view of childhood, to the annulment of singularities and to the reification of children. It was also possible to bring to light the ways in which the little ones look at reality beyond the debris it accumulates, indicating to us possible paths of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the dispute between Karl Mannheim's Sociology of Knowledge and the Critical Theory, and shows how both sociologies, who shared the same space in Frankfurt before 1933, actually share many common points. The author shows how both German sociologies defended similar paths especially in relation to the utopian consciousness before having to leave Germany after the advent of National Socialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]