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Amino sugars (AS) are routinely used as microbial biomarkers to investigate the dynamics of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) under different environments. However, the effect of any AS on soil C and N, or other AS, is not well-defined. In this study, acid soils from Dongbei (D) and Fujian (F) and alkaline soil from Henan (H) were selected to perform an incubation experiment under glucosamine addition for 36 days. In the present study, the dynamics of soil soluble organic C (SOC), NH4+-N, NO3−-N, soluble organic N (SON), and four AS: glucosamine (GluN), mannosamine (ManN), galactosamine (GalN), and muramic acid (MurN), were investigated. The results showed that AS was different among the three soils, but had similar dynamics in the same soil. The higher total C and inorganic N in the D and F relative to the H soil were related to the greater AS in two soils. With incubation, AS decreased in D soil and increased in F soil before 1 week, while after 1 week, the inverse dynamics were observed, which suggest that SOC or SOC combined with inorganic N may be a mechanism to adjust the dynamics of C from AS. Overall, glucosamine addition did not significantly affect AS in D, while the reverse was true for F and H soils. Glucosamine addition decreased AS at day 0 for D soil and at day 3 for F and H soils, and increased SOC. The lowered NH4+-N and AS in D soil, but the higher values of these, were observed in F soil after 1 week of incubation. The increase of SON in D soil with glucosamine addition might be due to the depolymerization of soil organic matter (SOM) into SON. However, the decrease of SON in F soil could be attributed to the mineralization of SON. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]