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• MMBV is a host signature based on TRAIL, IP10, and CRP for infection diagnosis. • This is the first evaluation of MMBV in the ICU cohort. • MMBV is not useful in ICU patients, neither in diagnosing nor monitoring infection. • MMBV may be a negative prognostic factor. Infection complications are common in intensive care unit patients, and early detection remains a diagnostic challenge. Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are commonly used biomarkers. A novel diagnostic approach focuses on the host immune response. One of the approaches, the MMBV index, is based on measuring in a blood sample three parameters: (i) tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), (ii) interferon-γ-induced protein-10 (IP10), and (iii) CRP. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of MMBV as an infection biomarker in an ICU cohort. Forty-six patients treated in the University Clinical Center in Gdansk ICU were enrolled in the study, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. In total, 91 MMBV results were analyzed. Most of the patients had high MMBV values, suggesting bacterial etiology. A weak correlation between PCT and MMBV was observed, and no correlation between parameter changes was noted. There was a correlation between CRP/MMBV and between changes in CRP / changes in MMBV. It seems that MMBV is not valuable for ICU patients neither in diagnosing nor monitoring infection. Higher MMBV values may predict unfavorable treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]