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Background: Recessions following immediate implant insertion are frequently reported in the literature. Data regarding implant installation in presence of mucogingival recessions are rare., Purpose: This study observes soft tissue level changes following immediate implant insertion and provisionalization of implants with or without connective tissue grafts in the anterior maxilla in patients with initial mucogingival recession within a follow-up period between one and eight years., Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients with marginal gingival recessions, which were designated for extraction and immediate implant insertion in the anterior zone of the maxilla (13-23), were included. Out of a larger group of immediate implants only single tooth replacements with 1 to 3 mm recession and a pre- and post-op CB-CT were selected. Facial bone deficiencies were grafted flaplessly with autologous bone in all sites. In a group of 13 patients the recessions (mean 2.3 ± 0.7 mm, range 1.0-3.0 mm) were grafted additionally by connective tissue (ABG + CTG), in the remaining 13 patients no soft tissue grafting (mean recession 1.8 ± 0.6 mm, range 1.0-3.0 mm) was performed (ABG). The marginal hard and soft tissue level, the width of the keratinized mucosa, the PES, and implant success were evaluated., Results: After a mean follow-up period of 45 months the recessions were significantly reduced in the ABG group from 1.8 to 0.9 mm. The improvement was even more pronounced in the ABG + CTG group (from 2.3 to 0.5 mm). The PES improved significantly in both groups. At final examination all implants were still in function. Within the observational period, in 5 of 13 implants a marginal bone loss of more than 1 mm was noticed in the ABG, but in none of the ABG + CTG group., Conclusions: These clinical results provide evidence that immediate implant placement might improve the facial soft tissue level. This was more evident in cases with a greater recession and an additional treatment with connective tissue grafts., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

It was the aim of this 24-mo randomized controlled clinical trial to investigate whether the survival of a single median implant placed in the edentulous mandible to retain a complete denture is not compromised by immediate loading. Secondary outcomes were differences in prosthetic complications between the loading principles. Each of the 158 patients who received an implant was randomly assigned to the immediate loading group ( n = 81) or the delayed loading group ( n = 77). Recall visits were performed 1 mo after implant placement (for only the delayed loading group) and 1, 4, 12, and 24 mo after implant loading. Nine implants failed in the immediate loading group, all within the first 3 mo of implant loading, and 1 implant failed in the delayed loading group prior to loading. Noninferiority of implant survival of the immediate loading group, as compared with the delayed loading group, could not be shown ( P = 0.81). Consistent with this result, a secondary analysis with Fisher exact test revealed that the observed difference in implant survival between the treatment groups was indeed statistically significant ( P = 0.019). The most frequent prosthetic complications and maintenance interventions in the mandible were retention adjustments, denture fractures, pressure sores, and matrix exchanges. There was only 1 statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the parameter "fracture of the denture base in the ball attachment area" ( P = 0.007). The results indicate that immediate loading of a single implant in the edentulous mandible reveals inferior survival than that of delayed loading and therefore should be considered only in exceptional cases (German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00003730).