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A novel Actinobacterium strain YIM 131861 T, was isolated from lichen collected from the South Bank Forest of the Baltic Sea, Germany. It was Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, catalase positive and oxidase negative, yellow pigmented. Cells were motile with a polar flagellum, irregular rod shaped and did not display spore formation. The strain grew at 15 − 30 °C (optimum 25 °C), at pH 6.0 − 10.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0 − 1.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM 131861 T belonged to the genus Glaciibacter, and exhibited a high sequence similarity (96.4%) with Glaciibacter superstes NBRC 104264 T. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain YIM 131861 T was 68.2 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain YIM 131861 T and Glaciibacter superstes NBRC 104264 T were 73.2 and 19.9% based on the draft genome sequence. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2γ and contained the 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic amino acid. Whole cell sugars were galactose, rhamnose, ribose and glucose. It contained MK-12 and MK-13 as the predominant menaquinones. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain YIM 131861 T should belong to the genus Glaciibacter and represents a novel species of the genus Glaciibacter, for which the name Glaciibacter flavus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 131861 T (= CGMCC 1.16588 T = NBRC 113572 T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the effect of extracts from various macroalgae of the Kiel Fjord, German, upon bacterial growth. Samples of 16 species that belong to 11 families of marine macroalgae were collected from distinct sites in the Kiel Fjord, Western Baltic Sea, Germany and were stored in the dark at ambient seawater temperature using coolers. It confirms that macroalgal extracts exert effects of growth inhibition and stimulation in accordance to the nature of the bacterial strains chosen and demonstrates that macroalgal extracts have growth stimulant effects on macroalga-associated bacteria which includes algal pathogens.

Representatives of Actinobacteria were isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria panicea collected from the Baltic Sea (Germany). For the first time a comprehensive investigation was performed with regard to phylogenetic strain identification, secondary metabolite profile, bioactivity determination and genetic exploration of biosynthetic genes, especially concerning the relationship of the abundance of biosynthesis gene fragments to the number and diversity of produced secondary metabolites. All strains were phylogenetically identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and were found to belong to the genera Actinoalloteichus, Micrococcus, Micromonospora, Nocardiopsis and Streptomyces. Secondary metabolite profiles of 46 actinobacterial strains were measured and 118 different substances were identified as well as 88 so far unidentified compounds were detected. The extracts of most of the cultures showed biological activities. In addition, the presence of biosynthesis genes encoding polyketide synthases (PKSs) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) was established in 30 strains. It was shown that strains, in which either PKS or NRPS genes were identified, produced a significantly higher number of metabolites and exhibited a larger number of unidentified, possibly new metabolites. Therefore, the presence of PKS and NRPS genes is a good indicator for the selection of strains to isolate of new natural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Gram-positive, non-spore-forming actinomycete, designated strain CC 0387(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from the Baltic Sea, Germany. Classification using a polyphasic approach and comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that strain CC 0387(T) belonged to the genus Promicromonospora and displayed more than 3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence divergence from all Promicromonospora species with validly published names. Strain CC 0387(T) did not produce aerial mycelium. Substrate mycelia were yellowish white to pale orange-yellow and fragmented into bacillary or coccoid elements. The cell wall contained lysine and alanine. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, rhamnose and ribose. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H(4)) (86 %). The G+C content of the DNA was 71.87 mol%. Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genetic characteristics, strain CC 0387(T) (=CCTCC AA208024(T)=DSM 21481(T)) represents a novel species, for which the name Promicromonospora flava sp. nov. is proposed.