Search

The present study investigated direct as well as indirect relations between children's emotion regulation (anger- and avoidant-oriented strategies), behavior regulation, and mathematics achievement in a longitudinal study during the transition from primary to secondary school in Germany. Participants were 76 primary school students attending grade four at Time 1, of whom 51 participated again as secondary school students attending grade five at Time 2, as well as children's mothers and teachers. Anger- and avoidant-oriented emotion regulation strategies at Time 1 were negatively associated to behavior regulation at Time 2. Behavior regulation at Time 2 was positively related to mathematics achievement at Time 2. There were no direct relations between emotion regulation (anger- and avoidant-oriented strategies) at Time 1 and mathematics achievement at Time 2. However, we found significant indirect negative effects between emotion regulation (anger- and avoidant-oriented strategies) at Time 1 and mathematics achievement at Time 2 via behavior regulation at Time 1. Thus, anger- and avoidant-oriented emotion regulation at Time 1 indirectly affected mathematics achievement negatively at Time 2 via behavior regulation at Time 2. This study confirms the complex structure of self-regulatory processes and underlines the importance of specific emotion regulation strategies for mathematics achievement.

This study examined pre-service teachers' attitudes towards inclusion, posing research questions regarding the (1) relationship between attitudes and personality and (2) between attitudes and the uptake of learning opportunities, and (3) moderating effects of the uptake of learning opportunities on the relationship between attitudes and personality. Questionnaire data from 2504 teacher education students in two universities were analysed. Results indicate that (1) attitudes towards inclusion are related with personality factors, particularly agreeableness, but not as strongly as expected, that (2) there was no relationship between attitudes and the uptake of learning opportunities, and that (3) the results indicate no moderating effects of the uptake of learning opportunities.

The number of science and discovery centres has grown exponentially over the last two centuries. Science and discovery centres are one of the top five stimuli that influence a career choice in science. Their history, growth, impact and role in the public understanding of science are discussed. (Contains 2 tables, 7 figures, and 21 online resources.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a concept for a mobile health application, an app-based exercise tool, to support the treatment of orofacial myofunctional disorders by speech-language therapists. Method: A sequential mixed research design combining qualitative research and user-centered software development was applied. Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted with eight speech-language therapists, one patient and three relatives to gather ideas for an app to support orofacial myofunctional therapy. On the basis of the findings, a paper-based prototype was developed, which was then evaluated by seven end users, to refine the concept of the app. Results: Qualitative data on desirable functionalities were clustered into topics and related subcategories containing general ideas for the app - a control mechanism, a reward system, the visualization of exercises, and pop-up messages for reminders and recommendations. The paper prototype was developed that addressed these functionalities. Discussion: An app-based exercise tool is considered to have added value for orofacial myofunctional therapy. A prototype for a mobile application is ready for programming and subsequent testing in the treatment of orofacial myofunctional disorders by conducting additional interviews to ascertain patients' perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Study of seepage water under pure and mixed stands of Douglas fir, spruce and beech. • Seepage water under beech: largest amount and lowest NO 3 , Ca, Mg, Al concentration. • Seepage water under Douglas fir: smallest amount. • Seepage water under Douglas fir at N-rich sites: high NO 3 , Ca, Mg, Al concentration. • Mixed Douglas fir–beech stands: good option concerning water quantity and quality. Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) has been a key tree species and timber source in European forests the last centuries and is increasingly suffering from drought and bark beetle infestations due to climate warming. Current management options include replacing of Norway spruce monocultures with pure and mixed stands of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) that is the naturally dominating tree species in Central Europe. Additionally, Douglas fir (Psudotsuga menziesii), a tree species with high water use efficiency and drought tolerance, is being increasingly cultivated to increase the resilience of European forests and meet the future demand of conifer timber in a warming climate. We studied the seepage water quantity and quality with a particular focus on the nitrate (NO 3 –) concentration and N leaching under pure and mixed stands of Douglas fir, Norway spruce, and European beech at seven sites in Germany. Additionally, we investigated seepage water concentrations of SO 4 -S, Ca, Mg, K, Al and hydrological variables (interception, canopy throughfall, transpiration). Looking at the seepage water quantity and quality, the best management option is the cultivation of pure beech stands. However, this is associated with the well-known risk of monocultures concerning ecosystem disturbance. Beech stands showed the highest seepage water quantities and the lowest seepage water concentrations of major cations and anions, including NO 3 –. Seepage water quantity was the smallest under pure Douglas fir compared to spruce and beech stands. The composition effects of stand tree species on seepage water quality and nutrient leaching were site-dependent. At N-rich sites, pure Douglas fir stands showed higher seepage water NO 3 – concentrations than spruce and beech stands, whereas the tree species effects were small at N-poor sites. With respect to seepage water quantity and quality, cultivation of mixed Douglas fir–beech stands is a promising option for producing conifer timber and at the same time avoiding increased disturbance risks of mono-species forests under a warmer climate. Our results support the recommendation of mixed Douglas fir–beech stands based on soil quality, ecosystem resilience, and forest economic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Long-term study comparing nitrate leaching after different harvesting intensities. • Nitrate peaks after clearcut of a nitrogen saturated stand are high but short-lived. • Small-scale regeneration methods do not prevent nitrate leaching under N saturation. • For ecological effects the area harvested is a relevant factor. • Big clearcuts should be avoided due to strong negative initial effects on large area. While comprehensive literature is available concerning the effects of clearcutting on N leaching via seepage water little information is available comparing different harvesting intensities. In order to close this gap of knowledge in 1999 an experiment comparing selective cut and clearcut at the Höglwald site was started. The Höglwald is a major Central European ecosystem study site and represents a typical spruce forest ecosystem in Southern Germany, subject to high nitrogen deposition. Bulk deposition, throughfall and seepage water concentrations at 0 and 40 cm depth were measured from 1999 until 2017 at three plots (control, clearcut, selective cut). Elemental fluxes were calculated using measured water fluxes (precipitation, throughfall) or calculated soil water fluxes using a hydrological model. Here we present the final results for the 17-year measurement period comparing different harvesting intensities from initial harvesting until the complete removal of all mature trees. Initial nitrate peaks after clearcutting the nitrogen saturated spruce ecosystems were very high (up to 34 mg nitrate-N l−1) but short-lived (2 years). Afterwards nitrate leaching strongly decreased to values close to zero due to reduced input and the demand of the upcoming vegetation. For the investigated 17-year period cumulative nitrogen losses at the clearcut plot were lower as compared to the uncut control. The selective cut was not able to prevent nitrate leaching in our N-saturated spruce stand. Here cumulative nitrogen losses in the first 17 years are similar compared to the uncut control due to a combination of ongoing high deposition and partially enhanced mineralisation after harvesting events. At our nitrogen saturated study site the selective cut showed no advantages concerning nitrate leaching via seepage water. From a silvicultural and forest ecological point of view, however, big cleared areas with their sudden change to a non-forest climate should be avoided due to several disadvantages like high initial mineralisation with its excessive nutrient release, the risk of grass invasion as well as higher stress and often lower quality of the planted trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the role of plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green (PDR-ICG) as an outcome prediction tool in cardiac surgery. Patients and Methods: One hundred ninety patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, valve surgery or combined procedures were enrolled. PDR-ICG measurements along with standard lab values were performed preoperative and on postoperative days 1, 2, and on discharge from the intensive care unit. Adverse outcomes were defined as prolonged length of stay in the intensive care unit and/or mortality. Two groups were defined according to length of stay in the intensive care unit (⩽3 days vs >3 days). Results: PDR-ICG values differed significantly for all time points between the groups. In a multivariate model, in patients over 65 years with a EuroSCORE below 8.5, a preoperative PDR-ICG value below 12.85%/min was the strongest independent predictor for prolonged intensive care unit stay (N3 days). A preoperative PDR-ICG value below 8.2%/min was the strongest independent predictor for mortality in a multivariate analysis including age, cardiac function, and EuroSCORE. Conclusions: In addition to the established scores, PDR-ICG may provide valuable information for the assessment of perioperative morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery. Pre- and early postoperative measurements may help to identify patients at risk for developing perioperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the author's views on the July 1984 issue of the journal "International Review for the Sociology of Sport." The author states that he will increase efforts to achieve a balanced representation of the national and political origins of the articles published in the journal. As in the past, he will not always succeed in correcting or polishing the language of the paper so that it becomes either totally British or totally American English. The author does not try to change the idiosyncrasies of a writer, especially if they are funny or telling. Among the various comments the author has received was one that mocked the mixture of American and British English, but concluded that, for the first time in the history of IRSS, a native speaker of English could read and understand every article. He is also grateful to all those friends and colleagues in the East and West who sent congratulations to Munich for the bottoming out and revitalization of IRSS. ln an international sociological journal, he would appreciate if ideological arguments were presented in terms of comparison, either with those of other societies or social systems or with the actual social situation that exists in the society.