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Planning rural settlement is not a frequent practice of land reform in Brazil. The few institutional initiatives were a result of the Settlement Development Plans (PDAs) and of the implantation of derived settlements environmentally differentiated. Before these initiatives there were propositions of rural social movements. From the need of new ways of social organization and the introduction of the environmental and fundiary discussions emerged different experiences of resistance in land reform. Considering this context, the article presents the challenges on environmental planning and the strategy for implanting housing nuclei in the Canudos settlement, in Goiás, and its consequences on the discussion of settlement models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]