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As a key policy tool for China' s achievement of the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, the carbon emissions trading mechanism has attracted widespread attention for its effect on reducing pollution and carbon emissions. This study incorporated carbon dioxide reduction and environmental pollution control into the same research framework. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019, it took the carbon emissions trading mechanism as the policy background and used the improved entropy weight TOPSIS model to calculate the environmental pollution index to measure the local environmental quality and environmental pollution degree. The intersection term of carbon emissions and environmental pollution index was used to characterize the level of pollution reduction and carbon reduction. The difference-in-differences model and the synthetic control method were used to empirically test the pollution and carbon emission reduction effects of the carbon emissions trading mechanism. The results showed that: (1) From the perspective of the average treatment effect of the policy, the carbon emissions trading mechanism reduced the emissions of carbon dioxide and environmental pollutants in the pilot provinces compared with non-pilot provinces. After adding relevant control variables, the level of pollution and carbon reduction in the pilot provinces increased by 16%. From the perspective of the policy effects of pilot individuals, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing performed better; that is, their carbon emissions showed a significant downward trend, followed by Guangdong, while Hubei performed worse. (2) The influential mechanisms and heterogeneity test revealed that the carbon emissions trading system achieved an increase in the synergistic governance level of pollution and carbon reduction through energy consumption restructuring and technological innovation. (3) Meanwhile, the pollution and carbon reduction levels showed regional heterogeneity, with the eastern and western regions performing best and the central region performing poorly. Furthermore, a grey correlation model was used to investigate the relationship between the pollution and carbon reduction levels and the potential for synergistic emission reduction in each province. The results found that the average correlation degree of Shanghai, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Xinjiang was greater than other provinces, showing a higher level and potential. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate and improve the construction of the national carbon emissions trading market; give full play to the synergistic emissions reduction effects of market-based carbon emissions trading policies on carbon dioxide emissions and environmental pollutants; and accelerate the synergy of carbon emissions trading policies by increasing investment in technological innovation and the transformation and upgrading of energy consumption structures and formulating regionally differentiated carbon emission reduction policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The military is a risk environment for cigarette smoking. This study determined the prevalence of, cessation attempts, knowledge, and attitudes regarding smoking, and factors related to it in the Chinese navy.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of military personnel on active duty in the Chinese navy, Guangdong province. Data were collected using a standard structured questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with smoking. The research protocols were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Naval Medical University, and participants gave written informed consent.Results: A total of 1,530 military personnel who had served for >3 months completed the survey, 859 (56.14%) of whom were current smokers. The main reasons for smoking were stress alleviation and social needs. A total of 377 smokers had previously attempted quitting. More than half considered the military environment supportive of smoking. Subjects' knowledge regarding smoking mainly comprised negative respiratory-health effects. Smoking status was related to education level, military service duration, number of smoking family members, and smoking knowledge.Conclusions: Smoking prevalence in the Chinese navy is higher than that among Chinese civilians and the US and UK military personnel. Although many sailors are aware of the dangers of smoking to their health, they seldom get advice or help regarding smoking cessation. Most smokers believed that smoking cessation could improve their health. Therefore, the navy should formulate policies encouraging and facilitating military personnel's smoking cessation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]