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In the hot and humid areas of southern China, raw earth is a widely used construction material. Raw earth dwellings are an important vernacular architectural heritage in China and protecting the local raw soil dwellings is an important measure to protect local culture. At present, encouraging locals to continue to live in traditional dwellings has become an important concept for the protection of traditional villages and vernacular architecture, and the improvement of the living environment is of great significance to locals under this concept. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess and improve the hygrothermal environment of local traditional dwellings in the historic town of Huang Yao, Guangxi. In this study, the hygrothermal properties of local raw earth brick were measured, and the current hygrothermal environment of typical local raw earth dwelling was evaluated by monitoring and numerical simulation. The results show that the local raw earth brick has better thermal insulation and moisture absorption properties than fired clay brick, and when the room is well airtight, raw clay bricks can effectively reduce indoor relative humidity and its fluctuations and can increase the average daily temperature by 1.7 °C in winter. While the monitoring results show that both the more ventilated hall and the more airtight bedroom have difficulty in meeting human thermal comfort requirements in most of the time. For the local traditional raw earth dwellings in the area, more effective measures need to be found to improve thermal comfort rather than relying solely on the envelope of raw earth materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]