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[Objective】The objective of the paper is to evaluate fruit quality of pitaya cultivated in rocky desertification control area, to pro¬vide the theoretical basis for building the evaluation index systemof pitaya quality and to provide the theoretical guidance for development of pitaya industry in rocky desertification control area.【Method 】12 important quality indexes of fruit shape index, average single fruit weight, edible rate, soluble solids, soluble solids, soluble sugar, titratable acid, solid-acid ratio, sugar-acid ratio, protein, Vc and dietary fiber in red pitaya cultivated in plateau valley of typical karst rocky desertification in Guizhou were determined and analyzed by principal component analysis and clustering analysis.【Result】The accumulative contribution rate of three extracted principal components was up to 93. 508 '. The load value of fruit flavor indexes in three principal components was higher and the fruit flavor indexes focused on seven indexes of dietary fiber, soluble sugar, solid-acid ratio, protein, soluble solids, titratable acid and sugar-acid ratio. 15 pitayas groups were divided into three types based on clustering analysis and the quality score of 15 pitayas groups was N > K > F > H > L > G > I > C > B > E > A > M > 0 > D > J according to quality comprehensive evaluation. The fruit quality of pitaya with mediumfruit shape was the best overall, followed by lar¬ger fruit shape and small fruit shape.【Conclusion 】The flavor and taste of pitaya are the important factorr to evaluate fruit quality of pitaya in rocky desertification control aea. The fruit quality of three pitaya sizes is mediumfruit shape > larger fruit shape > small fruit shape. The built evaluation index system of pitaya quality has a certain guiding significance for development of pitaya industry in rocky desertification control area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]