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Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses. Data about HPV infection in Guizhou is limited. Methods: 56,768 cervical samples were collected and genotyped for 15 main high risk and 6 main low risk HPV types. Results: 16.95% (9623/56768) of samples were HPV positive; 90.70% (8728/9623) of HPV positive women were infected by high risk HPV. High risk and high risk mix infection (1458; 70.85%) was the most common mix HPV infection type. The highest HPV detection rate was found in age group 41–45 years old (detection rate = 17.89%) (χ2 = 204.77; P < 0.001); the highest within-group HPV infection rates were found in the ≤20 (25.62%) and ≥ 61 (24.67%) years old age groups, the lowest within-group HPV infection rate was found in the 31–35 years old age group (15.02%). The highest mix infection proportions were found in the ≥61 (36.06%) and ≤ 20 (33.63%) years old age groups (χ2 = 111.21; P < 0.001), the lowest mix infection proportion was found in the 41–45 (17.42%) years old age group. The highest high risk infection proportions were found in the 26–30 (92.98%), ≥61 (92.68%), and 36–40 (92.16%) years old age groups (χ2 = 31.72; P < 0.001), the lowest high risk infection proportion was found in the ≤20 (84.96%) years old age group. HPV infection rates varied with seasons in Guizhou. Conclusions: Characteristics of HPV distribution in Guizhou were identified. There were significant differences in HPV distribution among age groups, prevention strategies should be adjusted according to the characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]