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The study assessed natural radioactivity in Rohtak and Jind districts, Haryana, India. Concentrations of radionuclides in soil and building materials were measured using gamma-ray spectroscopy. The "Canister Technique" was employed to estimate radon mass exhalation and surface exhalation rates. Results showed low radiation doses from soil radioactivity, with activity concentrations ranging from 3.7 to 51.7 Bq/kg for radium, 7.3 to 96 Bq/kg for thorium, and 52.2 to 585 Bq/kg for potassium. The findings also calculated radium equivalent activity, annual effective dose rate, hazard indices, and excess life time cancer risk. This research highlights the importance of understanding natural radioactivity for assessing environmental radiation exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Berseem plays an important role as fodder, in the health and nutrition of a large livestock population in India. The productivity of green fodder per unit area could be increased by adopting recommended scientific and sustainable packages and practices. Methods: Farmers' participatory front line demonstrations on integrated crop management (ICM) practices and traditional method of sowing as farmers' practice (FP) were conducted during Rabi (2016-17 to 2018-19) under CCS, HAU, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Fatehabad and Jhajjar, Haryana. Result: The study reveals that on an average 744 q/ha green fodder yield of berseem (var. HB 2) was recorded under ICM as compare to 659 q/ha in FP which was 12.9 per cent higher over that of the FP. The pooled value of extension gap, technology gap and technology index was to the tune of 85, 36 q/ha and 4.6 per cent, respectively. The data on economic parameters reveals that a net return of Rs. 30441 per ha was recorded under ICM compare to Rs. 20065 per ha in FP. The benefit-cost (B:C) ratio was figured 1:1.50 and 1:1.33 in ICM and FP, respectively, suggesting its higher profitability and economic viability of the technology demonstrated. Cluster front line demonstration also helped in replacement of local varieties with improved recommended varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Among various biotic factors limiting pigeon pea yield, weeds are of prime importance which can causes seed yield losses up to 80 per cent. Therefore current study aims to evaluate the impact of imidazolinones on weeds in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.). Methods: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design using eighteen treatments replicated thrice. To control the weeds in pigeon pea, imidazolinones alone and its combination with pendimethalin were applied and rest other cultural practices for cultivation of pigeon pea were adopted according to the package and practices of CCA HAU, Hisar. Result: Among all weed controls treatments, two hoeing at 40 and 70 DAS found most effective to control all kind of weeds. PRE application of imidazolinones was comparatively more effective than POE application. Among different weed species, Cynodon dactylon was not controlled by any of the herbicide treatment and PRE application of pendimethalin @ 1000 g/ha did not control Digera arvensis and Cyperus rotundus. Whereas, PRE application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr @ 1000 + 75 g/ha provided best control of total weeds leads to lowest nutrient uptake by weeds. Therefore, PRE application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr @ 1000 + 75 g/ha proved to be an effective and a profitable alternative to the existing recommendation (two hoeing at 25 and 45 DAS) of weed control in pigeon pea in Haryana locality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) is an important rabi crop raised under rainfed areas of Haryana. Optimum time of sowing plays an important role in augmenting the productivity of Indian mustard. There is a need to find out the optimum time of sowing of Indian mustard to overcome the yield gap under present scenario of climatic conditions. Different cultivars may respond differently to different sowing time. The current study aimed to study the effect of date of sowing on growth, seed yield and economics of Indian mustard varieties under rainfed conditions. Methods: In this field experiments were conducted during rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Dryland Agriculture Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment comprising of 3 dates of sowing (16 October, 23 October and 30 October) and 4 varieties of Indian mustard (RH 30, RH 406, RH 725 and RH 761) was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Result: Crop sown on 23th October produced significantly taller plants over 30th October sowing. However, yield attributes viz., number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua and test weight was successively decreased with delayed sowing of the crop. Seed yield was highest (2499 kg/ha) when sown on 16th October as compared to 23th October and 30th October sowing. Highest net returns (' 92674/-) and BC ratio (5.23) was recorded in 16th October sowing over other dates of sowing. Among varieties, RH 725 produced significantly higher seed (2583 kg/ha) and stover yield (7415 kg/ha) over RH 30, RH 406 and RH 761. Variety RH 725 also recorded higher net returns of ' 95940/- and B:C ratio of 5.38 compared to other varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tonsillectomy is one of the commonest ENT procedures done in paediatric population, the technique of which has evolved over years to decrease the morbidity associated with the surgery. This prospective randomized comparative study is done to evaluate the efficacy of two different techniques of this surgery, conventional cold dissection and laser tonsillectomy based on operative time, blood loss, post-operative pain and occurrence of secondary complications. The study was done in 68 patients of paediatric age group, 34 in each group underwent cold dissection and laser tonsillectomy. Operative time and bleeding were significantly low for laser group. Pain score was comparable in early post-operatives days, but was high towards the end of first week. Our study reported only one incidence of complication in the form of a secondary bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the factors associated with food security after three years of implementation of the National Food Security Act, 2013. Fifteen hundred and fourteen households in three states of India—563 from Bihar, 557 from Uttar Pradesh, and 394 from Haryana—were surveyed. Data on beneficiary status, calorie consumption, economic status, social status, health status, and women empowerment were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Findings suggest that beneficiary had more employment in families, normal and deficit calorie intake, used cow dung cake as fuel, more children enrolment in primary and secondary schools, and adoption of family planning measures. These improvements have occurred after three years of implementation of the Act, and through supply of food grains to poor families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stakeholders at the global level are convinced that plagiarism is a serious academic crime and dishonesty. Research institutions are playing a vital role in conducting research-related activities in the form of written works and they have to determine that they are dealing with it. The study evaluated the level of awareness and attitude toward plagiarism among Post Graduate students at the Central University of Haryana. The survey method was followed by the postgraduate students and a questionnaire instrument has been used for data collection. The Findings of the study depicted that 80% of students had a high level of awareness about plagiarism and 91% of students had a Negative attitude towards plagiarism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pulse crops are commonly known as poor man’s meat. Pigeon pea is second most important pulse crops of India after chickpea. Weeds are amongst prime biotic factors limiting pigeon pea yield and can cause seed yield losses up to 80 per cent. Promising result of weed control by pendimethalin was documented in pigeon pea. Also Imazethapyr is applied as pre and post emergence to control grasses and broad leaved weeds in other pulse crops but limited research was undertaken in pigeon pea. Therefore, current experiment focused to compare the effect of imidazolinones alone and in combination in pigeon pea.  Methods: To control weeds in pigeon pea, pre and post-emergence of imidazolinones alone and in combination with pendimethalin was applied. Nutrient content, nutrient uptake, productivity and economics of pigeon pea were worked out. Conclusion: Among herbicidal treatments, the highest nutrient content, nutrient uptake, productivity, net returns and benefit cost ratio in pigeon pea were observed in the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr @ 1000 + 75 g ha-1. Therefore, this treatment may be an effective and profitable alternative to the existing manual and costlier recommendation (two hoeing at 25 and 45 DAS) of weed control in pigeon pea in Haryana locality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activity pattern performed by Greater Flamingos was studied at Najafgarh Jheel Bird Sanctuary from November 2018 to November 2019. During present study different type of behaviours was recoded, and frequency calculated for a different type of behaviours performed among months as well as different time block (morning, afternoon, evening) for adult and immature. A total of 117 hrs were spent in recording activity budget study. Scan sampling and focal sampling methods were adopted to collect the data. A number of behavioural categories, resting (one leg-standing, broken neck posture), preening (twist preen), feeding, alert, aggression (such as chrysanthemum / Threatening, hooking and ritual bickering), movement (marching, flight, walking), wing-salute, inverted wing salute, wing-leg stretching, scratching, drinking, bathing, wing flapping and combat identified. The result revealed that the main behaviours were Feeding, resting and preening. Resting was maximum at morning hours while feeding at its peak during evening hours. Greater Flamingos found to be engaged in feeding (47.16 % ± 1.34) followed by resting (23.85 ± 1.08 %), preening (14.09 ± 0.33 %) movement (6.98 ± 0.76 %) alert (3.30 ± 0.12 %) and aggression (1.44 ± 0.13 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Among pulse crops, pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] is one of the most important pulse crops of India after chick pea. Among various biotic factors limiting pigeon pea yield, weeds are of prime importance which can causes seed yield losses up to 80 per cent. Therefore, weed management is an important key factor for enhancing the productivity of pigeon pea. Imazethapyr, an herbicide of imidazolinones group has been registered for soybean, groundnut and other legumes. Various trials in different regions were conducted to study the effects of imazethapyr alone or in combination for controlling the weeds in different crops but in pigeon pea limited research were conducted. Therefore, current study aimed to study the effect of imidazolinones alone and in combination on weed dry matter accumulation in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.). Methods: Pre and post emergence application of imidazolinones alone and in combination was done and dry matter accumulation by different types of weeds i.e. grassy, broad leaf and sedges in pigeon pea crop were worked out at different interval of crop span. Result: Among all weed controls treatments, two hoeing at 40 and 70 DAS found most effective to control all kind of weeds. Alone application of pendimethalin was not effective to control sedges. PRE application of imidazolinones was comparatively more effective than POE application. Application of imidazolinones in combination with pendimethalin improves its efficacy to control total weeds than alone application of it. Therefore, PRE application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr @ 1000 + 75 g ha-1 proved to be an effective and a profitable alternative to the existing recommendation (two hoeing at 25 and 45 DAS) of weed control in pigeon pea in Haryana locality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study deals with water quality (WQ) assessment season-wise ionic concentration in the Mewat district of Haryana, India. A total of 36 groundwater samples were collected, 12 each for the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons of 2016, to know the status of WQ for drinking and irrigation purposes. Piper, Durov, and Gibbs plots were used to find out the water type and the factors controlling the chemistry of groundwater, respectively. Piper diagram reveals that Ca-Cl and mixed Ca–Mg-C1 typed water during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post monsoon season's where- Na-Cl water type indicates salinity problem. Gibb's plot depicted that the weathering of rocks is the major reason behind the ionic chemistry of the groundwater. Water Quality Index (WQI) has been calculated to know the overall WQ based on physico-chemical parameters estimated for this study. It was found that Na+ concentration was dominant among cations and Cl- among anions. Moreover, irrigation indices (KR, RSC, P.I, Cl–/HCO3–,SAR, and Na%) represent that majority of the groundwater samples during pre-monsoon (PRM) season were suitable for agricultural purposes but in monsoon (MON) and post monsoon (POM) season majority of samples lie in an unsuitable zone. The groundwater in the study region presents a high risk of salinization. Using the baseline data generated through this work, there is an immediate need for carrying out a detailed study to address the groundwater issues, understand salinity mechanisms, expansion of salinization in the fresh water aquifers and to suggest suitable management and remedial measures. Extension of this work is being carried out in the form of a purpose driven study under the National Hydrology Project aided by the World Bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]