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This research intends to explore the short-term impacts of PM2.5/O3 on daily death in Hefei from 2013 to 2018. Data on daily death of Hefei residents, meteorological factors, and air pollutants were collected from Jan 1, 2013, to Dec 31, 2018. The correlation between PM2.5/O3 and daily death in Hefei during the research period was studied by time series analysis. From 2013 to 2018, there were 61,683 non-accidental deaths, including 27,431 cardiovascular deaths, 5587 respiratory deaths, 20,921 malignant tumor deaths, and 1674 diabetes deaths, in Hefei. Annual mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3 in Hefei were 66.18, 92.37, 39.75, 15.39, 930, and 79.08 μg m−3, respectively. An increase of 10 μg m−3 in PM2.5 was related with 0.53% (95% CI 0.31–0.75%), 0.93% (95% CI 0.60–1.26%), 0.90% and (95% CI 0.23–1.57%) increase in non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases mortality, respectively. The association between ozone and mortality was not significant. In cold seasons, PM2.5 had a stronger effect on the deaths resulting from non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The effect of O3 on deaths was not significantly different between the cold season and the warm season. Women and the elders (over 65 years) were at high risk of being affected by PM2.5/O3. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was positively correlated with increased deaths due to non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Hefei. Females and elders were more vulnerable to PM2.5/O3 exposure. No significant associations were observed between ozone and deaths from non-accidental, cardiovascular, respiratory, malignant tumors, and diabetes diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease has always been the most serious public health problem in China. Although many studies have found that the risk of death caused by cardiovascular disease is related to air pollutants, the existing results are still inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of air pollutants on the risk of daily cardiovascular deaths in Hefei, China. Daily data on cardiovascular deaths, daily air pollutants, and meteorological factors from 2007 to 2016 were collected in this study. A time-series study design using a distributed lag nonlinear model was employed to evaluate the association between air pollutants and cardiovascular deaths. First, a single air pollutant model was established based on the minimum value of Akaike information criterion (AIC), and the single day lag effects and multi-day lag effects were discussed separately. Then, two-pollutant models were fitted. Subgroup analyses were conducted by gender (male and female), age (< 65 age and ≥ 65 age), and disease type (ischemic heart disease and cerebral vascular disease). There were 34,500 cases of cardiovascular deaths during the period 2007–2016, and the average concentrations of air pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO2, PM2.5, CO, O3) were 106.11, 20.34, 30.49, 72.59, 958.7, and 67.88 μg/m3, respectively. An increase of interquartile range (IQR) in PM10, SO2, NO2, PM2.5, CO, and O3 were associated with an increase of 4.34% (95%CI 1.54~7.23%) at lag 0–6, 5.79% (95%CI 2.43~9.27%) at lag 0–5, 4.47% (95%CI 1.64~7.37%) at lag 0–5, 3.14% (95%CI 0.03~6.36%) at lag 0–4, 3.11% (95%CI 0.21~6.10%) at lag 0–3, and 8.17% (95%CI 1.89~14.84%) at lag 0–5 in cardiovascular deaths, respectively. Females, older group (≥ 65 years) and deaths from cerebral vascular disease were more vulnerable to air pollution than males, younger individuals (< 65 years) and deaths from ischemic heart disease. Our results suggest that air pollution increased the risk of cardiovascular deaths in Hefei. These findings can provide evidence for effective air quality interventions in Hefei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulating evidence suggests that air pollution is a risk factor for adverse respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes. However, the different impacts of exposure to air pollutants on influenza virus activity and influenza-like illness (ILI) have not been well documented in epidemiological studies. We examined the association between air pollutants of particular matters < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particular matters < 10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and influenza occurrences in Hefei, China, from December 2013 to December 2015 by generalized Poisson additive regression models. The result suggested that PM2.5 and PM10 had similar effects on clinical ILI and influenza incidence. PM10 was negatively associated with clinical ILI (relative risk (RR) 0.980, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.974-0.987), while PM2.5 were positively associated with clinical ILI (RR 1.040; 95% CI 1.032-1.049). RRs for the laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza were 0.813 (95% CI, 0.755-0.875) for PM10 and 1.216 (95% CI, 1.134-1.304) for PM2.5. Nevertheless, the impacts of SO2 and NO2 on ILI and influenza were distinct. SO2 had significant influence on laboratory-confirmed influenza and had no significant linear relationship with ILI. NO2 was negatively correlated with influenza but had no obvious effect on clinical ILI cases. The present study contributes novel evidence on understanding of the effects of various air pollutants on influenza activities, and these findings can be useful and important for the development of influenza surveillance and early warning systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]