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• The stress solving model of roadway under the goaf is constructed. • Three-dimensional stress nephogram of roadway stress under the goaf is drawn. • A large scale PFC-FLAC coupling numerical model is established. • The stress distribution characteristics of roadway under the goaf is obtained. • The stress evolution law of surrounding rock under goaf is obtained. To safely extract residual coal from a mine affected by rock bursts, the concept of "roadways under goafs" has been proposed as an effective layout. The pressure relief and shock reduction mechanism of roadways under goafs is elucidated through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and engineering verification. The stress model for goafs is established based on elastoplastic mechanics, followed by the construction of a force model for coal beneath the goafs. The stress composition of roof, floor and two sides of roadway under a goaf are analyzed. Using the FLAC-PFC coupling simulation method, the excavation process from top coal mining to bottom coal mining roadways of a No. 17 coal mine in Heilongjiang Province was simulated. The simulation results validate the spatiotemporal evolution of the stress and displacement in the surrounding rock mass of the roadway situated beneath goafs and determine the precise location of the roadway and length of its bottom coal face. A large diameter borehole of the roadway and presplitting blasting of the coal face roof are used to solve the local high stress danger area. Moreover, the roadway support mode of the "steel shed + spray arch support + monomer + π steel beam" is proposed. Finally, through the data of the field micro-seismic and stress monitoring system, the effectiveness of the pressure relief and shock reduction of roadways under goafs, the high efficiency of local danger relief of the roadways and working faces, and the practicability of the "steel shed + spray arch support + monomer + π steel beam" support of the roadways broken by surrounding rock are verified. A good basis for choosing a reasonable location for roadways and surrounding rock control methods for residual bottom coal mining and rock burst mining can be found in the research results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]