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The article examines the diversity and population status of wild edible plants in the Kinnaur District of Himachal Pradesh, India. It found a total of 115 plant species, with 91 of these species being used for various edible purposes by the local people. The study highlights the importance of public awareness and community-based management to protect and preserve wild edible plant species in the region. The document provides a list of wild edible plant species found in the fringe forest areas of Himachal Pradesh, along with information on their uses, density, frequency, and importance value index. The research emphasizes the need for further research on the nutritional profiles and processing methods of these plants and calls for their inclusion in future forestry and rural plantation programs. Additionally, the articles explore the utilization of wild edible plants by indigenous communities in various districts of Himachal Pradesh, highlighting their importance in providing nutritional support and offering insights into traditional knowledge and practices. [Extracted from the article]

Efficacy studies were conducted during June-July in 2017 in Kullu Valley of Himachal Pradesh against the phytophagous mites Panonychus ulmi (Koch) and Tetranychus urticae Koch in apple orchards. Four acaricides were evaluated at different doses. After seven days of spray, maximum efficacy was obtained from fenazaquin @ 0.20 ml/l (0.50 mites/leaf) which was at par with other test concentrations of fenazaquin @ 0.15, 0.25ml/l, hexythiazox @ 0.5, 1.0 ml/l, etoxazole @ 0.25, 0.4, 0.55 ml/l and abamectin @ 0.5, 0.6 ml/l. In 14 and 21days post-treatment observations, though the mite incidence increased gradually in all the treatments, all concentrations of hexythiazox, fenazaquin and etoxazole were found significantly superior. After 28 days of spray, maximum efficacy was again with fenazaquin @ 0.25 ml/l which was at par with hexythiazox (0.5, 1.0 ml/l), etoxazole (0.25, 0.4, 0.55 ml/l) and these were significantly superior. Fenazaquin was found extremely toxic to the natural enemies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy of phosmet was evaluated against the aerial form of the woolly apple aphid Eriosonta In ig rum (Hausmann) during October- November 2017 and 2019 in apple orchards at Manali district Kullu of Himachal Pradesh. All the doses of phosmet were effective in suppression of the aphid up to 21 days of the spray. Chlorpyriphos (0.05%) was found statistically superior (0.06 aphid colonies/ twig) followed by phosmet a 0.075% 0.05% and 0.025% (0.36, 0.40 and 0.54 aphid colonies/ twig, respectively) during 2017. Similar trend was observed during 2019 but chlorpyriphos was found statistically at par with phosmet (q> 0.05% and 0.075%. All the concentrations proved safe to the apple plants as there were no phytotoxic symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]