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There are five hot springs named separately SHANGT, ZHONGT, WENT, XIAT and SHENT in Lushan County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province. The archaeal diversity of the five hot springs was investigated and analyzed. 16S rDNA v4-5 genes of arehaea were sequenced by lllumina Hisiq2500 PE250 technolog). The numbers of sample sequences and OTUs were sorted by using Uparse, Mothur, SILVA, MUSCLE and Qiime software. Finally, the archaeal abundance and diversity in the five hot springs were analyzed. 87 993, 67 326, 44 400, 48 611 and 48 495 effective reads have been obtained from SHANCT, ZHONCT, WENT, XIAT and SHENT respectively, and 520, 280, 678,451 and 437 OTUs have been acquired. The analysis of archaeal classification showed that the arehaea from the five hot springs could be classified into 11 phyla, in which Thaumarchaeota accounted for 95. 25% and was the dominant arehaea. In the genera level, the dominant arehaea of the SHANGT, ZHONGT and WENT was Candidalus-Nilrosocaldus, and unidentified-Thaumarchaeota was the dominant arehaea in XIAT and SHENT. The results showed that the five hot springs in Lushan are rich in microbial resources. The research provided basic data for further research and utilization of the arehaea resources in the five hot springs of Lushan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]