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With the increasing awareness of architectural heritage conservation and the development of digital technology, there is an urgent need in the field of architectural heritage restoration for a novel solution that can enhance data security, collaboration efficiency, and file management capabilities. This study proposes an Architectural Heritage Restoration Distributed Common Data Environment (AHR-DCDE) framework based on blockchain and IPFS technologies to address the above challenges. The AHR-DCDE framework significantly improves data security and collaborative efficiency in architectural heritage restoration projects by creating a decentralized collaborative design process that achieves data immutability, traceability, and efficient large-scale file processing capabilities. The AHR-DCDE framework significantly improves data security and collaborative efficiency in architectural heritage restoration projects by creating a decentralized collaborative design process that achieves data immutability, traceability, and efficient large-scale file processing capabilities. In this study, the practicality and effectiveness of the AHR-DCDE framework is verified by taking the heritage restoration design project of Pinghe Packing Factory in Wuhan, Hubei Province, as an example. Evaluation of the framework's network latency, throughput, and storage costs indicates that AHR-DCDE can meet the requirements of architectural heritage restoration projects, possessing efficient capabilities for handling and sharing project data. Furthermore, the implementation of the AHR-DCDE framework also facilitates efficient collaboration among interdisciplinary teams, providing robust technical support for the protection and restoration of architectural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Salmonella is a leading foodborne and zoonotic pathogen, and is widely distributed in different nodes of the pork supply chain. In recent years, the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella poses a threat to global public health. The purpose of this study is to the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in pig slaughterhouses in Hubei Province in China, and explore the effect of using lytic bacteriophages fighting against antimicrobial resistant Salmonella. Results: We collected a total of 1289 samples including anal swabs of pigs (862/1289), environmental swabs (204/1289), carcass surface swabs (36/1289) and environmental agar plates (187/1289) from eleven slaughterhouses in seven cities in Hubei Province and recovered 106 Salmonella isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that these isolates showed a high rate of antimicrobial resistance; over 99.06% (105/106) of them were multidrug resistant. To combat these drug resistant Salmonella, we isolated 37 lytic phages using 106 isolates as indicator bacteria. One of them, designated ph 2–2, which belonged to the Myoviridae family, displayed good capacity to kill Salmonella under different adverse conditions (exposure to different temperatures, pHs, UV, and/or 75% ethanol) and had a wide lytic spectrum. Evaluation in mouse models showed that ph 2–2 was safe and saved 80% (administrated by gavage) and 100% (administrated through intraperitoneal injection) mice from infections caused by Salmonella Typhimurium. Conclusions: The data presented herein demonstrated that Salmonella contamination remains a problem in some pig slaughter houses in China and Salmonella isolates recovered in slaughter houses displayed a high rate of antimicrobial resistance. In addition, broad-spectrum lytic bacteriophages may represent a good candidate for the development of anti-antimicrobial resistant Salmonella agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Morphological and molecular description of two new colonial sessilids. • First confirmed that family Operculariidae is non-monophyletic. • Further supported the deficiency of taxonomic criterion within sessilids. Two new colonial sessilid species, Opercularia miaoxinensis spec. nov. and Epistylis conica spec. nov., were isolated from the pereopods of freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii in Hubei Province, China from 2016 to 2017. Both species were investigated by living observation, protargol impregnation, and molecular methods. Opercularia miaoxinensis spec. nov. is morphologically characterized by the following characteristics: spindle-shaped zooid, zooid size of 48–74 × 20–35 μm in vivo, contractile vacuole ventrally located above macronucleus, and dichotomously branched stalk. Epistylis conica spec. nov. is characterized by conical zooid shape, zooid size of 56–70 × 22–39 μm in vivo, C-shaped macronucleus with transverse orientation, dorsally located contractile vacuole, and dichotomously branched stalk. To further identify both species, phylogenetic trees were constructed based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences. Both results showed that E. conica spec. nov. was part of a clade consisting of the majority of Epistylis species. Surprisingly, O. miaoxinensis spec. nov. also clustered within this large clade of Epistylis species and had a distant relationship with the other Opercularia species. These findings challenged the distinguishing morphological characteristics between Epistylididae and Operculariidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) is an emerging disease that accounts for the high morbility and mortality in yellow catfish, Tachysurus fulvifraco. Though the EUS of T. fulvifraco was most frequently supposed to be associated with bacterial infection, the causative agent for the disease is still not completely determined. To address this, an epidemiological investigation on EUS was carried out from 2019 to 2022 in Hubei province, one of the main culture areas of T. fulvifraco in China. It showed the outbreaks of EUS were mainly occurred in March and April, during which the water temperature ranged from 13 °C to 20 °C. At the early stage of EUS, the diseased T. fulvifraco typically aggregrated, with circular-hole shaped ulcers on skin. Gross examinations on the T. fulvifraco of early EUS revealed that the disease was commonly accompanied by ciliates infections. To further illustrate, recent diagnoses on T. fulvifraco of early EUS from Wuhan city were recorded in details. Critically, 78.1% of the specimens were heavily infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and/or Epistylis horizontalis. Histopathological analyses revealed that these ciliated parasites infection caused severe damages on T. fulvifraco skin and gills. In comparison, only 12.5% of the T. fulvifraco specimens were infected with the bacterium, Aeromonas versonii. Taken together, our observations indicated that the ciliated parasites were the primary agents for early EUS, that contribute to the formation of ulcers on T. fulvifraco. These data facilitate us to understand the epidemic of ESU in farmed T. fulvifraco , and further explore the effective treatments to the disease. • Diagnoses on early EUS of Tachysurus fulvifraco were investigated from 2019 to 2022. • 78.1% of the T. fulvifraco of early EUS were heavily infected with ciliated parasites. • First report of I. multifiliis and E. horizontails co-infection in farmed T. fulvifraco. • Ciliated parasites as the primary agents for the early EUS in T. fulvifraco. • An epidemic pattern of EUS in farmed T. fulvifraco was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: By using gas chromatograph (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry, a series of biomarkers were identified in the aliphatic fractions of extracts from microbialites following the end-Permian faunal mass extinction in Chongyang section, Hubei Province, South China. The dominance of lower-molecular-weight n-alkanes in the samples from the section suggests that algae and bacteria were the dominant contributors to the organic fraction preserved in this marine section, with bacteria particularly enhanced within the stromatolite. The end-Permian biotic crisis coincided with a short-term suppression of autotrophs, indicated by the ratio of pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph) to C17 and C18 n-alkanes, and proliferation of heterotrophs, shown by the ratio of branched-to-normal C17 alkanes. The biotic crisis also may have been associated with a transient oxygenation event in the shallow marine, indicated by elevated Pr/Ph ratios and lowered C27 18α(H)-22,29,30-Trisnorneohopane (Ts) to C27 17α(H)-22,29,30-Trisnorhopane (Tm) and gammacerane (γ) to C31 homohopane (C31HP) ratios. Subsequently, three short-term episodes of intensified anoxia or enhanced salinity at Chongyang are recorded by decreases in Pr/Ph ratios in conjunction with lithological boundaries in the section. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]