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To achieve sustainable use of cultivated land in China, it is important to consolidate the achievements of the large-scale program to leave cultivated land fallow. However, conflicts of interest among the participants make it difficult to achieve the expected goal. In this study, we first analyze the differences in the interests of the three main participants in the process of protecting cultivated land, that is, the central government, local government, and peasants. Then, we construct two evolutionary game models to examine the dynamic changes of their strategies and we compare the impacts of external factors on their strategies under different conditions using simulation analysis. The results show that, to stimulate peasants to protect cultivated land, the government should apply a relatively advanced dynamic subsidy strategy, which is able to make peasants more enthusiastic about protecting cultivated land using less time and money. The central government should provide better promotion opportunities for well-behaved local government officials, and appropriately punish uncooperative peasants and officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of regional coordinated development, exploring the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of agricultural eco-efficiency(AEE) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River(MRYR) can provide decision support for the coordinated development of regional agriculture. This study proposes a theoretical hypothesis of AEE spatial convergence at the input-output level and uses the Super-SBM model, kernel density estimation, spatial autocorrelation and β-convergence model to calculate the spatiotemporal evolution and convergence characteristics of AEE in the MRYR from 2005 to 2020. The results show that (1) from 2005 to 2020, the AEE of the study area increased from 0.665 to 0.864, with the average efficiency of Hubei, Jiangxi, and Hunan reaching 0.794, 0.767, and 0.724, respectively; and (2)the overall spatial convergence rate of AEE is 0.045, and there is a phenomenon of "club convergence" between regions. The spatial convergence rates of Jiangxi, Hubei, and Hunan are 0.053, 0.063, and 0.048, respectively. The convergence rate slows down over time, (3) The farmers' living standards, per capita GDP, and technological level have promoted the improvement of AEE. Multiple planting indices and financial support for agriculture have not had a positive effect on the improvement of AEE. The region should strengthen the exchange and cooperation of agricultural production and pay attention to the pollution discharge problem of agricultural production. • This paper proposes a theoretical hypothesis of the spatial convergence of agricultural eco-efficiency (AEE). • From 2005 to 2020, the AEE in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River increased from 0.665 to 0.864. • The AEE convergence rates of Jiangxi, Hubei and Hunan were all higher than the overall region. • Farmers' living standards, per capita GDP and science and technology level have a positive effect on the improvement of AEE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]