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The objective of the article is to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the competitiveness of the labour market in Hungary on the economically most developed central as well as the rural areas to illustrate discrepancy. Indicators related to the effectiveness of recovery regarding both human resource management and corporate management are also analysed. A questionnaire survey on recovery from the pandemic was filled in 2021 by 1184 company managers: 61% were received from the central region while 39% from rural areas. The crosstab analysis was applied while processing data. According to our findings, the backlog has decreased in six Hungarian regions except Western Transdanubia, which has been hit harder by the closures and restrictions. The more moderate development of the central region can be due to the presence of its companies on the global market while the catching up of the rural areas was aided by the wage subsidy of businesses operating there. It is worth examining the impact of economic crises on how the differences between the central and rural regions change and also which regions can benefit from the downturn. In conclusion, a crisis might also serve as an opportunity to achieve a balanced economy and regain competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 pandemic has affected almost in every aspect peoples' personal and professional lives. Employment losses have become an everyday occurrence during the pandemic period. As an outcome of the global coronavirus crisis of 2020, unemployment has risen significantly worldwide. In the article, we try to quantify the effect of coronavirus pandemic on the development of the unemployment and unemployment rate in two EU member states. The aim of the article is to evaluate the impact of Covid-19 crisis on the labor market in the Slovak Republic and Hungary. In order to highlight the impact of the pandemic and make comparisons between the mentioned countries, concretely comparative research method was used. Analyses are based on labor market data during the pandemic (2019-2021). Differences in unemployment by gender were examined based on annual data. Differences in unemployment by age, economic sectors and territorial units were analyzed on a quarterly basis. The results of the study indicate a noteworthy increase in the unemployment rate in the Slovak Republic and in Hungary during the Covid-19 pandemic. As a result of the coronavirus crisis, the spreading of unemployment in territorial terms has been more unbalanced for both the Slovak Republic and Hungary. Furthermore, we found that the highest unemployment rate during the considered time period was reached in the industrial sector. The pandemic has significantly impacted the unemployment of the economically active people with a lower level of education. In Slovakia have been introduced stricter anti-pandemic measures, due to which more business enterprises have closed. Also, it has led to more intensive growth of unemployment rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary nonadherence to prescribed medications occurs when patients do not fill or dispense prescriptions written by healthcare providers. Although it has become an important public health issue in recent years, little is known about its frequency, causes, and consequences. Moreover, the pattern of risk factors shows remarkable variability across countries according to the published results. Our study aimed to assess primary nonadherence to medications prescribed by general practitioners (GPs) and its associated factors among adults in Hungary for the period of 2012–2015. Methods: Data on all general medical practices (GMPs) of the country were obtained from the National Health Insurance Fund and the Central Statistical Office. The ratio of the number of dispensed medications to the number of prescriptions written by a GP for adults was used to determine the medication adherence, which was aggregated for GMPs. The effect of GMP characteristics (list size, GP vacancy, patients' education provided by a GMP, settlement type [urban or rural], and geographical location [by county] of the center) on adherence, standardized for patients' age, sex, and eligibility for an exemption certificate, were investigated through generalized linear regression modeling. Results: A total of 281,315,386 prescriptions were dispensed out of 438,614,000 written by a GP. Overall, 64.1% of prescriptions were filled. According to the generalized linear regression coefficients, there was a negative association between standardized adherence and urban settlement type (b = -0.099, 95%CI = -0.103 to -0.094), higher level of education (b = -0.440, 95%CI = -0.468 to -0.413), and vacancy of the general practices (b = -0.193, 95%CI = -0.204 to -0.182). The larger GMP size proved to be a risk factor, and there was a significant geographical inequality for counties as well. Conclusions: More than one-third of the written prescriptions of GPs for adults in Hungary were not dispensed. This high level of nonadherence had great variability across GMPs, and can be explained by structural characteristics of GMPs, the socioeconomic status of patients provided, and the quality of cooperation between patients and GPs. Moreover, our findings suggest that the use of the dispensed-to-prescribed medication ratio in routine monitoring of primary health care could effectively support the necessary interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]