Search

INTRODUCTION: health problems among children remain a serious problem, especially in developing nations such as India. There is a large group of children under five years of age who are also at high risk and susceptible to disease. As children grow, develop and survive, they are exposed to many environmental factors that can cause illness and disease. In general, the health status of children under the age of five reflects the health status of a nation. As well, it provides baseline data for planning, implementing, following up, and evaluating the health services provided to these children. The Present Study Title: a study to assess the knowledge of mothers regarding health problems of children residing in selected urban areas of Pune City. Methodology: Researcher adopted quantitative approach. The study was conducted 100 samples. In this study Non probability purposive Sampling technique is used to select the Samples. Results: in this Study, (53%)mother having good knowledge, (26 %)mother having average knowledge and (21%)mother having poor knowledge regarding child health problem. Conclusion: from the above research, we conclude that the mother of under five year children have good knowledge regarding the child health problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geomechanics plays a critical role in the different stages of coal bed methane (CBM) operations, starting from its development through production to its abandonment as in Sohagpur field of central India. In general, higher gas production has been observed from the coal seams in low-stress regimes compared to high-stress regimes; however, during the CBM development planning, stress information has been overlooked. The need for inclined and horizontal wellbores in coal seams has increased due to their many-fold rise in production when compared to vertical wells with a minimum surface footprint. However, these non-vertical wells have wellbore instability issues leading to high nonproductive time (NPT) during drilling and completion operations. Prolong challenges exist in achieving the desired half-length from hydraulic fracturing (HF) stimulation due to the limited understanding of the stress contrast between target coal and bounding lithology. The permeability of the coal reservoir varies greatly during depletion due to the combined effects of effective stress and matrix shrinkage. These effects directly impact productivity and hence, require a detailed understanding of how permeability varies during production life. In many instances, production from coal seams is complicated and unpredictable because of the influence of stress induced natural fractures. A geomechanical earth model is focused on understanding and mitigating the aforementioned challenges. In addition to coal thickness and gas content, stress-permeability maps are prepared to assist in the development program to prioritize wells in lower and moderate stress areas. Wellbore stability analysis has been carried out using calibrated stress and strength profiles along with other rock mechanical inputs to successfully drill high angle wells. This analysis indicates that with a slightly higher mud weight, high angle and horizontal wells can be drilled successfully. Hydraulic fracturing design incorporating the available stress contrast can help in achieving the desired fracture parameters without height growth. The coal permeability model suggests that during depletion, coal permeability is expected to increase by about 1.2–3.5 times with a positive impact on productivity. Critically stressed fracture analysis has been carried out on mapped fractures, which suggest that about 48% of the natural fractures are in a stressed state. Presence of these natural fractures has a positive (faster dewatering) as well as a negative (external water) impact on productivity at different places in the study area. • Estimation of in-situ principal stresses and coal bed permeability in central coalfield, India. • Wellbore Stability Modeling during CBM production. • Critically stressed natural fracture analysis at in-situ stress and in depletion states. • Recommendations in data acquisition plan for drilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Quantification of inter-fraction dose variations to point A, bladder and rectal points using Fletcher suite applicator. Background - It is a well established fact that planning prior to each ICBT fraction is an accurate method of dose delivery keeping in mind the change in applicator position, tumour volume shrinkage and change in anatomy. But in a busy institute with a huge patient load, how feasible is application of data from the plan of first fraction to subsequent fractions. Methods - A total of 46 patients of locally advanced carcinoma cervix from November 2016 to June 2017 received External Beam Radiotherapy (Bhabatron II Co60) followed by 3# of HDR-Intra-cavitary Brachytherapy (Nucletron - Ir192) with Fletcher Suite applicator, final EQD2 of 80-90Gy . For each of 3 ICBT applications same applicator and similar vaginal gauze packing was done, a pelvic CT scan was performed and dose at point A, bladder and rectal points were defined according to ICRU 38, by same physicist. Planning was done on Oncentra Brachy Treatment Planning. Variation of dose at Point A, bladder and rectal points for 1st fraction ICBT was compared with 2nd and 3rd fractions, using paired-t test. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 24. Results- 42 patients completed 3 fraction of HDR ICBT, 4 patients after completing 2nd fraction, dropped out of 3rd fraction. Difference between 1st vs 2nd fraction mean doses of: • Point A 7.13 cGY (n=46, p=0.632) • Bladder point 28.06 cGY (n=46, p=0.188) • Rectal Point 21.06 cGY (n=46, p=0.176) Difference between 1st vs 3rd fraction mean doses of: • Point A 6.22 cGy (n=42, p=0.625) • Bladder point 0.81 cGy (n42, p=0.976) • Rectal Point 21.18 cGy (n42, p=0.211) Conclusions - First fraction TPS planning and its use for subsequent fractions is justified as the inter-fraction differences of dose to Point A, Bladder and rectal points are statistically not significant, ensuring correct instrument placement and similar vaginal gauze packing. We also found out that the major variation was in the Bladder point dose, with minimum difference of 0.5cGy(1st vs 2nd ) maximum difference of 314.80(1st vs 3rd). Variations in Rectal dose was much lesser, minimum difference of 6.82cGY(1st vs 2nd ) and maximum difference of 199.50 cGY (1st vs 3rd) We conclude that a single plan created at the time of first fraction can be used for a single patient for three fractions, without significant variation of dose to cervix, bladder and rectum. Thus saving valuable brachytherapy OT time which can be utilised to treat other patients, specially in a country like India where Brachytherapy machines are scarce and patient load is mammoth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]