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This article concerns itself with the events surrounding the 'Americanisation' of social work education in India and aims to evaluate if this was an outcome of entanglements with imperialism—cultural, professional or moral. It looks at actors, within and beyond academic spaces, including missionaries and cold war politics as key contours in organizing the 'American' turn in social work education in India. Subsequent to the import of the 'modern social work' discipline to India, the episteme of social work was inferred to be more clinicalized and neo-liberal in its approach to social development. The article is a humble effort to understand if this 'technology transfer' of social work education, its models and methods, was a plain and simple emancipatory event or was also organized by the imperial interests? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopting innovation is a crucial decision to increase output, productivity and reduce loss. Previous studies have suggested that technology attributes and socio-demographic factors influence the adoption of any innovation. This necessitates understanding the user behaviour in the adoption decisions. The present study focusses on behavioural intentions of the users (dairy farmers) regarding preventive solutions to control bovine mastitis in their dairying enterprise in Kallakurchi district of Tamil Nadu, India. The technology acceptance model (TAM) was employed in this study. Data were collected through a pre-tested interview schedule among 60 farmers during 2022 and analysed using descriptive and multilinear regression methods. The results revealed that farmers' behavioural factors, like subjective norms played a significant role in adoption decisions for preventive solutions. The results imply that policy decisions on any technology generation and transfer programmes need to address the behavioural pattern of users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International efforts to avoid dangerous climate change have historically focused on reducing energy-related CO2 emissions from countries with either the largest economies (e.g. the EU and the USA) and/or the largest populations (e.g. China and India). However, in recent years, emissions have surged among a different and much less-examined group of countries, raising concerns that a next generation of high-emitting economies will obviate current mitigation targets. Here, we analyse the trends and drivers of emissions in each of the 59 countries where emissions in 2010–2018 grew faster than the global average (excluding China and India), project their emissions under a range of longer-term energy scenarios and estimate the costs of decarbonization pathways. Total emissions from these 'emerging emitters' reach as much as 7.5 GtCO2/year in the baseline 2.5° scenario—substantially greater than the emissions from these regions in previously published scenarios that would limit warming to 1.5°C or even 2°C. Such unanticipated emissions would in turn require non-emitting energy deployment from all sectors within these emerging emitters, and faster and deeper reductions in emissions from other countries to meet international climate goals. Moreover, the annual costs of keeping emissions at the low level are in many cases 0.2%–4.1% of countries' gross domestic production, pointing to potential trade-offs with poverty-reduction goals and/or the need for economic support and low-carbon technology transfer from historically high-emitting countries. Our results thus highlight the critical importance of ramping up mitigation efforts in countries that to this point have been largely ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the significance of equine conservation in India and highlights the successful implementation of embryo transfer technology to preserve indigenous horse breeds, exemplified by the birth of Raj-Prathama, India's first Marwari filly born through this method. Topics include the declining population of equines, the role of the National Research Centre on Equines in genetic conservation, and the potential of embryo transfer technology to enhance breed preservation efforts.

In accordance with the 1964 Venice Charter, the preservation of wall paintings by detaching and mounting techniques is the last resort when all other means of protection prove to be ineffective. This method is a highly sophisticated method that is now rarely practiced. The technique has been used in India successfully to salvage many decorative schemes such as Rang Mahal at Chamba, Rupi Palace at Kulu, separation for the two-layered paintings of Thanjavur, the Buddhist rock-cut shrine at Bagh, and the Sinon and Phugtal monasteries in Sikkim and Ladakh by specific teams of specialized Indian conservators. Few of these extremely delicate techniques are included in the present knowledge systems of conservation. This paper presents the circumstances wherein the techniques of removal of wall paintings are applied, and the methodology followed in India. The knowledge and practical experiences in the transfer of historic decorative schemes during instances of natural calamities require the allocation of a specialized team of art conservators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigations were undertaken to assess the effectiveness of demonstrated technology of sesame cultivation at farmers' fields for their awareness with the objective of narrowing yield gaps in sesame crop in the rain fed areas of Punjab, India. A total of seventy-five Cluster Frontline Demonstrations (CFLDs) were conducted on improved farm technology of sesame, in which the full package of agronomic practices for its cultivation were used with special focus on improved cultivars and Integrated Pest Management (IPM), which are major constraints in sesame production. The performance of the technology demonstrated under the CFLDs was compared with that of the traditional farmers' practice. The yield enhancement, technological gap and extension yield gaps along with the economic analysis were studied for the three years during Kharif 2017-18 to Kharif 2019-2020. The average technology gap, extension yield gap and technology index of 1.43 quintal per hectare (q/ha), 1.54 q/ha and 20.4%, respectively, were recorded. The improved farm technology package demonstrated showed significant enhancement in the profitability of oilseeds in terms of gross returns and net returns besides additional returns (Rs. 9098-15215/-per ha) and incremental benefit-cost ratio (3.54-4.40). The demonstrated farm technology was found to have huge potential to enhance sesame productivity and profitability, thereby enabling farmers to earn better livelihood under normal and collateral farming situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) have drastically improved global connectivity and pervaded into most aspects of modern human life. To appropriate the benefits from ICTs, access to the required technology is an essential prerequisite. India's ICT adoption has been fast since 2000, but with sizeable disparities across the country. This study identifies the diffusion pattern of digital communications services in India, while accounting for technological augmentation. The study also surveys the factors influencing the variations in regional ICT adoption in India and supports Rogers theory of innovation diffusion by investigating how the social systems impacts technology adoption at different penetration levels. The findings will be useful for infrastructure capacity planning, taking policy decisions and projecting the diffusion process of emerging consumer technologies for advancing digital inclusion to support inclusive development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since independence the Indian government has pursued a state-driven approach to arms production that has led to lengthy delays, cost overruns, and not fulfilled the desired goal of autonomy in weapons production. At the same time, a weapons acquisition policy that is marked by lengthy negotiations and an emphasis on unrealistic technology transfers has led the Indian armed forces to be shortchanged in their attempts to build up a modern force structure. The pathologies of arms production and weapons acquisition have left the Indian armed forces less effective than they would like to be in combatting a two-front challenge to the country's security. The article suggests that moving from a techno nationalistic arms production policy to one of techno globalization (with realistic outcomes) is the best step forward for India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is two-fold. First, to identify and encapsulate the enablers that can facilitate technology integration in higher education and second, to understand and analyze the interplay between technology agility enablers. Design/methodology/approach: The study used the Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM) approach to construct a theoretical model of the technology agility enablers in higher education and MICMAC analysis for ranking and segregating the enablers based on their dependence power into four categories: Autonomous, Dependent, Linkage and Independent. Findings: The study helped identify eight technology agility enablers, with the Covid-19 pandemic as the most significant enabler. The Covid-19 pandemic has catalyzed the diffusion of technology across the education sector in India, including tertiary higher education. The study revealed government initiatives and institutional commitment as other enablers that can promote technology agility in higher education. Practical implications: The results of this study would assist the policymakers and management of universities and colleges in understanding the important enablers that can facilitate technology integration in higher education. Originality/value: Research in the past on technology adoption in higher education has looked into each enabler in isolation. This research provides a comprehensive view of the enablers and has attempted to establish a multidirectional interplay between the enablers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research aims to develop a new generic framework for estimating different maintenance costs (preventive, corrective and conditional based) and its distribution to original equipment manufacturer (OEM), customer and supply chain due to no fault found (NFF) events. The study extend the domain of NFF to military aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) by including broader range of cost drivers than are normally found in maintenance NFF literature. Design/methodology/approach: The research applies the soft system methodology involving 80 field surveys and five in depth semi-structured interviews with practicing experts having background in military aircraft NFF MRO. For impact analysis, authors have used an agent-based model to represent and prioritize the critical NFF cost drivers during aircraft MRO based on the cost inputs of 21 technology transfer cases. Findings: The paper provides imperial insights about how NFF cost drivers affect the OEM, customer and supply chain. It suggests that NFF cost need to be part of the commercial MRO contract, depending on its frequency pattern in different types of maintenances. Research limitations/implications: The context of the current research is military aircrafts industry and may lack generalizability to commercial aircrafts. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further. Practical implications: The developed framework will provide invaluable help in key financial decision-making during signing of MRO contract in technology transfer cases. Originality/value: This paper proposed a new prediction model for NFF cost estimation across its shareholders and current status of NFF in military aircraft NFF MRO in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economy policy reforms have played vital role in the performance of the Indian economy since 1991. Among other things, the reforms have involved opening up the economy, making it more competitive, getting the Government out of the regulations, empowering the States to take more responsibility for economic management, and thereby creating a kind of competition among them for Foreign Investment. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India has grown substantially in the last decade following the liberalization of Indian economy in 1991. FDI gives opportunities to Indian Industry for technological up-gradation, gaining access to global managerial skills and practices, optimizing utilization of human, and natural resources and competing internationally with higher efficiency. Most importantly, FDI is central for India’s integration into global production chains, as it brings several advantages like new capital, technology, managerial expertise, and access to foreign markets, involving production by multinational corporations spread across location all over the world. India has one of the most liberal economy policy frameworks for FDI and foreign technology transfer. FDI up to 100 percent is permitted under the automatic route in most of the sector [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Limited elite buffalo population need to be propagated at faster rate to sustain the dairy industry in India. Faster propagation could be achieved through embryo transfer technology. Low serum progesterone concentrations during the start of superstimulatory treatment is major factor that hampers the success of multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET) in buffaloes. This study evaluated the effect of GnRH pretreatment before superovulatory regimen on progesterone profile, superovulation and correlation of progesterone with superstimulatory parameter in Murrah buffaloes. Methods: Buffaloes (n=27) were superstimulated using 600 mg Folltropin and divided into three groups on basis of pretreatment: Group I and group II were pretreated with GnRH @ 10 μg and 06 μg, respectively while no pretreatment was subjected in group III (control). Progesterone hormone concentration, superovulatory response, ovulation rate, embryo recovery were recorded. Result: Our study revealed that superovulatory response was non-significantly different in all three groups and ranged from 6-8 in terms of number of corpus luteum (CL). Average number of recovered embryos in this study was nearly 2.0. A positive correlation between progesterone concentrations at the initiation of FSH treatment with number of CL and embryo recovery was observed. The study indicated that GnRH pretreatment before superstimulation improve the serum progesterone concentration, superovulatory response and embryo recovery in Murrah buffaloes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, organizations are increasingly adopting blockchain technology in their supply chains due to various advantages such as cost optimization, effective and verified record-keeping, transparency, and route tracking. This paper aims to examine the factors influencing the intention of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India to adopt blockchain technology in their supply chains. A questionnaire-based survey was used to collect data from 216 SMEs in the northern states of India. The study has considered an integrated technology adoption framework consisting of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Diffusion of Innovation (DOI), and Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE). Using this integrated TAM-TOE-DOI framework, the study has proposed eleven hypotheses related to factors of blockchain technology adoption. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) have been used to test the hypotheses. The results show that relative advantage, technology compatibility, technology readiness, top management support, perceived usefulness, and vendor support have a positive influence on the intention of Indian SMEs to adopt blockchain technology in their supply chains. The complexity of technology and cost concerns act as inhibitors to the technology adoption by SMEs. Furthermore, the three factors, namely, security concerns, perceived ease of use, and regulatory support, do not influence the intention to adopt the technology. The study contributes to filling a significant gap in the academic literature since only a few studies have endeavored to ascertain the technology adoption factors by supply chains of SMEs in a developing country like India. The study has also proposed a novel integrated technology adoption framework that can be employed by future studies. The findings are expected to enable SMEs to understand important factors to be considered for adopting blockchain technology in their supply chains. Furthermore, the study may benefit the blockchain technology developers and suppliers as they can offer customized solutions based on the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developmental actors are pushing the diffusion of solar powered irrigation technologies using different technology diffusion models in resource-constrained, underdeveloped agrarian regions of the Global South. Among the varied models, the hybrid model of technology diffusion and environmental governance has gained a lot of traction and support among the technology promoters in recent years. In this article, we analyse two cases of hybrid environmental governance employed for the diffusion of solar powered irrigation technologies in rural Bihar, India. The promoters of solar powered irrigation technologies wish to achieve environmental sustainability, enhance farmers income and mitigate climate change through promoting renewable-based technologies. The top-down framing of technology and environment in hybrid environmental models often uncritically negates the place-based embedded experiences of end-users and non-users. The paper argues that the role of end-users and non-users in hybrid environmental governance need to be understood using the bottom-up approach. The paper makes a case for acknowledging and incorporating the views and environmental subjectivities of end-users and non-users while planning developmental interventions. The paper ends up suggesting a few policy-relevant suggestions for hybrid models of technology and environmental governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of the underground cistern in South Asia, through Western India, offers a fascinating case study of knowledge migration and technological transfers between West and South Asia. It addresses the question of past hydraulic technologies used in the Western Indian cities and the modalities of a fundamental shift in the relationship to water during the 16th century. The present paper is based on my surveys and architectural studies of underground cisterns (tānkā) in Ahmedabad, urbs prima of Gujarat from 1411 onwards. It describes the tānkā system and its archaeological characteristics, with a special focus on the early reservoir of the Shāh Vajihudin Alvi khānqāh. This study, compared with evidences in other urban centres of Western India, brings to light the emergence of underground cisterns in the urban context from the late 16th century onwards. It also shows the pioneering role played by the large cistern built in the Shāh Vajihudin Alvi khānqāh. Beyond this archaeological work, the paper discusses the causes of this radical technological change, and addresses the issue of cultural and religious continuity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translational research (TR) signifies a multidisciplinary approach to expedite availability and development of clinically relevant affordable products and new strategies for improving the existing healthcare system. National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States, is following disease-oriented drug-targeted strategies for TR[[8]]. The Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States-Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) has established a separate cell, namely "Office of Translational Sciences", to catalyze and provide thrust to the basic researchers for technology transfer, drug regulatory review process, and all other facilities to expedite TR[[9]]. The funding agencies need initiatives to deal with the TR conundrum by redefining their policies, strategies and formulate the guidelines to support fundamental research by bridging the translational gaps. [Extracted from the article]

This article traces the making of anti-cancer campaigns in South India. Set at the cusp of decolonization, it explores how provincial physicians and women activists framed cancer care in the 1940s and 1950s. It offers insights into the argumentative, contingent ways in which public health concerns were framed and mobilized in Indian cities between a middle class public, medical experts and state agency. These cancer campaigns and local health debates have been neglected because historians have tended to focus on national level, political visions of health, on debates regarding international aid, transfer of medical technology, and targeted disease control programs. This has also shaped and limited how we have understood the complex, changing meanings and expectations of health and development in newly decolonized societies such as India. Analyzing the activist campaigns and writings of Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddi an influential physician, renowned Women's Indian Association leader, and legislator, and tracing the making of urban, anti-cancer networks, I argue that cancer care campaigns both invoked and challenged nationalist and developmental priorities, and questioned assumptions about what were termed as 'normative' diseases and health risks in India. Even though they spoke of the curative, technoscientific and specialized aspects of cancer treatment and urged its provision in local hospitals, they also encouraged the state and philanthropists to assume moral responsibilities for care and chronic suffering. They built on contemporary social and political metaphors, especially Tamil cultural representations of women. These ideas created emerging spaces for debates through multiple discursive ambits that emerged while trying to articulate and balance 'needs' that were seen as dichotomous and competing between managing population wide, curable diseases and the needs of a vocal, minority of advocates supporting cancer care. These debate were no doubt also limited by the visions of middle-class women, urban philanthropy, and engagements with male political leaders, and health officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusive innovation & indigenous development of affordable solutions is the much needed remedy for India's challenge of the low translational rate of healthcare technologies. A study is conducted to understand Indian Technology Transfer landscape and functional analysis of Technology Transfer entities, with qualitative dataset collected from six Indian Technology Transfer entities having different models of Technology Transfer for health technologies. The study provides comprehensive strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) analysis of current Indian Technology Transfer Entities. This has encouraged addressing an inevitable need of a robust translational healthcare model. The study proposes a translational model based on five major translational factors viz. Translational Activities, Human Resource Development, Liaising Activities, Technology Transfer, and Entrepreneurial Support. The model uses a matrix approach to have a focal authority (National Biomedical Technology Authority) with decentralized approach at its five regional facilitation centres (Regional Biomedical Technology Facilitation Centres) and a blue print towards regional development. Further, proposes a platform for sustenance and integrative approach for existing translational capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earlier universities had 'teaching' and 'research' as two missions and in recent times 'contributing directly to industry' has been added as the third mission. Considering that work places generate and disseminate knowledge, one can integrate the functions of a university to a work place. The author was involved in the implementation of such an integration and this article is an outcome of that experience. The article presents a summary of the relationship between science and technology, describes policy statements related to science and technology issued by the Government of India, and glimpses into the structure of research establishment in India. The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) is tasked with setting up Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), and its efforts have been supplemented by many other agencies of the Government. Agencies other than MHRD, including mission-oriented agencies, have oriented the HEIs established by them to cater to the needs of the business allocated to them. The article lists the motivations for setting up an HEI by a mission-oriented agency, where the idea of integrating the university function to a work place has been implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• I examine the distributional dynamics of establishment total factor productivity growth within India's manufacturing sector from 2001–2015. • I estimate separate rates of conditional convergence to the foreign and domestically owned components of the within industry productivity frontier. • I find positive overall convergence, but convergence to the foreign owned component of the within industry frontier is substantially dampened. • These findings imply significant differences in the nature of technology transfer from highly productive domestic and foreign firms. Inward foreign direct investment (FDI) has the potential to be an important conduit for technology transfer to developing countries. However, a large body of empirical research has found that the realized benefit to domestic productivity is minimal. This apparent absence of productivity spillovers from FDI is particularly surprising in light of recent evidence that firms in developing countries exhibit positive productivity convergence, or catch-up, to their industry's productivity frontier. In this paper, I use establishment level panel data from 21 distinct industries within India's manufacturing sector from 2001–2015 to provide new evidence on this issue. I analyze establishment total factor productivity conditional convergence and examine if the presence of foreign owned establishments within each industry's productivity frontier impacts this relationship. While I find statistically and quantitatively significant conditional convergence to the overall frontier, I show that convergence to the foreign owned component of the frontier is markedly slower. I corroborate this finding by exploring the impact of foreign ownership in the frontier on the dynamics of the within industry productivity distribution. This robust result suggests differences in the nature of technology transfer from highly productive domestic and foreign firms. I argue that my general econometric approach helps to reconcile the previously disconnected findings of negligible spillovers from FDI in developing countries with evidence of positive productivity convergence and the substantial presence of foreign firms in the productivity frontier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal a member of the Solanaceae family, is a traditional medicinal plant commonly known in India as Ashwagandha. It is used for different diseases such as hiccup, cough, rheumatism, tuberculosis, and exhibits excellent antitumor and anti-bacterial activities as well. Direct organogenesis of plants using mature seeds provides faster response and is also a time saving approach, thus the present study was conducted to investigate the optimal concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators with MS medium for the establishment of an efficient regeneration system in W. somnifera using mature seed as an explant. Therefore, an efficient in vitro protocol for high frequency regeneration has been developed using mature seeds as explant. In the present study, the multiple shoots along with embryogenic callus induction was best seen in MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.5 mg/L) and IAA (0.5 mg/L). Furthermore, MS medium fortified with GA3 (0.3 mg/L) and IBA (3.0 mg/L) alone was suited for shoot elongation and rhizogenesis respectively. The rooted plantlets were hardened and successfully established in the soil. The establishment of a highly reproducible regeneration system would greatly influence the efforts of improvement of the hereby studied medicinal plant species through useful gene transfer technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patents are the protected form of innovations and the currency of a knowledge-based economy. This article is an outcome of the analysis of working of patents data, which were published on the Indian Patent Office (IPO) website during 2012 and 2013, and continuously updated thereafter. For an overview of working of patents in India, an aggregate of 64 companies and/or organizations were selected for this study. The results of the analysis revealed that Qualcomm topped the list with 1113 granted patents at IPO, followed by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (1085), Hindustan Unilever (773), Samsung Electronics (705), and Philips (352). The objective of this study was to determine the workability of patents in India, and the results indicated that all the seven patents granted to Indofil (an Indian company, which manufacturers agricultural, specialty and performance chemicals) were in working conditions, which apparently signified that the firm had effectively transferred the innovations for production and for the end-user. IPO was preferred as an important patent filling offices (PFO) by different national and international companies for filling their innovations. The results of this study provide an opportunity for the inventors, market players, researchers and consumers to know about the innovations which are lying in the PFOs of the different countries and lapsed after completing their life, i.e. 20 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A stochastic technology interaction framework is developed in this work. • Differentiated scale-dependence effects are identified for wind and solar markets. • Technology interactions are dominated by mutualism and prey-predator types. • Stochastic technology diffusion orbits closely relates to deterministic equilibrium. • Mean tech-orbits of random orbits converges to the analytic equilibrium orbits. By using stochastic Lotka-Volterra model, we make a cross-country analysis to potential interactions between penetrations of wind and photovoltaic (PV) technology within uncertain technology ecological systems, and explore the possible distributions of stochastic technology proliferation orbits. We find both positive and negative scale effects for wind markets, while PV solar markets are consistently scale-restrictive for all the target countries; the current technology interactions are dominated by mutualism and prey-predator types, of which prey-predator relationships mainly exist in the US, China and Italy, with PV solar to be predators. Most importantly, we find significant relationships between stochastic technology diffusion orbits and deterministic technology equilibrium orbit; specifically, random orbits of cumulative installed capacity for both wind and PV solar oscillate around the equilibrium orbit under the deterministic Lotka-Volterra model, normally distributed, and the mean orbit of such large-scale random orbits converges to the analytic equilibrium orbit. This finding makes great sense to identify countries with stable technology diffusion distributions, and contributes to exploit predictive features of stochastic Lotka-Volterra model. On this basis, we recognize 3 countries with normally distributed random orbits of technology penetration, i.e., India, Japan and Italy, and three-year forecasts to 2020 are provided for both wind and PV solar technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging technologies like nanotechnologies are governed in different ways around the world. This article draws attention to an important element that can help to explain the emergence of this diversity in governance practices: the role of nanotechnology in nation-building. By investigating the relation between nanotechnology and the nation in India, the article demonstrates that various particularities of the Indian governance of nanotechnology can be explained by the relation between science, technology, and nation-building. The article discusses four instances in which the governance of nanotechnology in India is informed by the role science and technology has in nation-building: the historical image of India as a country that can attain modernity and development by engaging with modern science and technology supported the government's decision to free funds for nanotechnology research; the view of India as a country that cannot rely on foreign assistance to get access to the latest technologies reinforced the strategy to pro-actively pursue nanotechnology research and development itself; the historical use of science and technology as crucial elements in overcoming deeply rooted societal divisions enabled the science-centered way in which nanotechnology was governed; and the Indian ambition to become a global superpower informed the governance of nanotechnology as an object of international competition. The governance of nanotechnology in turn defines 'Indianness' in a post-liberalization world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While every new technology faces multiple challenges during market penetration, some technologies could be viewed by the adopters very differently than most others. The 3D Printing also called as Additive Manufacturing (AM), has been in the market for over a decade now, and is touted to be the next revolution in the industry. Technology has found wide applications in various industries, such as consumer electronics, automotive, medical devices, manufacturing and among many others. However, less is known with regards to the adoption and diffusion of 3D Printing technology, especially from the emerging economies. Using a survey method, this study aims to examine the adoption of 3D Printing technology in select industries in India. We found Relative Advantage, Ease of Use and Trialability to be significant. Whereas, Compatibility and Observability emerged as nonsignificant. We also explored the challenges with respect to 3D Printing Adoption. The knowledge of the major challenges along with the significant factors affecting adoption can help the manufacturers and suppliers of 3D Printing technology to focus on for increasing the rate of adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores a connection between Taxila and North India by examining stone beads from Taxila. Morphological and technological features of the beads from Bhir Mound and Sirkap point to close similarities to the examples from North India, which indicate the introduction of stone bead tradition from North India during the late first millennium BCE and early first millennium CE. Further studies on the archaeological remains from Taxila must be oriented to reveal understanding better how the connection with North India developed and examining different types of artefacts to reveal the strategic position and dynamic nature of the sites of Taxila connecting not only with North India but also with different parts of South Asia and Central Asia using scientific analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present paper aims to provide the status of contributions made by the universities of India to the open access repository ShodhGangotri. There are 59 universities in India contributed 5153 synopses to ShodhGangotri as on August 13, 2018. ShodhGangotri plays an important role to avoid duplication of research work as it provides information about proposed research work submitted in various universities and educational institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 21st century India is still battling with issues of accessibility, affordability and availability of quality health to masses. It is also facing a myriad of challenges and opportunities for development of indigenous, low cost, and accessible technologies with the influence from cultural diversity, demographic dividend and geographical segmentation leading to varied needs as per the regional conditions of climate, disease prevalence, nutrition and sanitation. Affordable innovative solutions are to be generated and translated to resolve various health issues of diverse India. To understand country's need for attainment of the holistic slogan of 'health for all', a regional (East-West- North-South) analysis was conducted based on the state-level disease burden report 2017. Then the entire translation ecosystem was summarized detailing significance of each stakeholder and regional health-care translation strength to project translation scenario of the country. This paper has emphasized on the essentiality to strengthen translation capacity of each region to meet diverse health-care needs of the people. It has proposed to establish a robust translation ecosystem for innovative indigenous medical technologies by adopting regional establishment of technology transfer entities with focused translation as per the needs of a particular region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India submitted its second Biennial Update Report (BUR II) to the UNFCCC on 31 December 2018, which builds upon the information presented in the Second National Communication (SNC). Being a non-Annex I party to the Convention, India like many other developing nations has to fulfil its reporting obligation of furnishing BURs every two years to intimate its climate mitigation efforts. Biennial reporting is aimed at highlighting trends in the national greenhouse gas inventory, mitigation actions, need for climate-friendly technologies, finance, capacity-building and lastly existing domestic Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) mechanisms. The comprehensiveness and depth of information present in BUR II, have increased considerably in comparison to its earlier version (BUR I). This paper suggests points relevant for improvizing on key aspects related to energy demands, MRV and the technology transfer process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research empirically estimates abatement costs under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in India, using project-level data for 830 projects that had been registered as of April 2014. Emphasis lies on assessing the impact of international technology transfer on abatement costs and on testing whether CDM projects in India have experienced a 'low-hanging fruits' problem or have benefitted from learning effects. The results suggest that projects that include technology transfer have higher abatement costs. However, this does not appear to be universally applicable when assessing technology transfer by project type. Second, no conclusive evidence is found to support a 'low-hanging fruits' problem, both empirically and based on the finding that most Indian projects are conducted unilaterally. On the contrary, some project types showed that abatement costs decrease as more projects are implemented. Finally, results suggest increasing returns to scale as well as economies of time in terms of project duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An attempt to comprehend the status of factors driving adoption of technologies with specific reference to goat farming in the changing climatic scenario was studied through narrative literature review and meta-analysis. Review of past studies suggests that the extension system suffers with limitations of financial and man-power resources. Additionally, farmers have minimal access to the scientific advancement in the field of livestock production. Further, the meta-analysis revealed that the farmers had knowledge of 47 % on technologies that has potential to mitigate the effects of climate change on goats. The health, feeding, breeding and housing practices had an adoption level of 31 %, 40 %, 58 % and 70 % respectively. While the extent of adoption of specific practices such as ectoparasitic control, deworming and vaccination ranged from 24 % to 48 %. The high climatic risk prone areas had low overall adoption rate on comparing to low risk prone areas even though the knowledge on goat farming practices/technologies were vice versa. This study identified that knowledge of farmers, access to extension services and individuals' economic motivation had larger effect on adoption with a population effect size of 0.69, 0.52 and 0.52, respectively. The climate risk proneness moderate the relationship of access to extension services and education with adoption. Thus, meta-analysis suggests that targeting farmers with better education and having contacts with extension agents with climate risk mitigating technologies may provide earlier benefits. Added the livestock extension system plays a significant role in technology transfer activities in goat farming, which needs to adapt with investments, human resources, research on climate resilient technology transfer activities and capacity building programs. Such an approach might help to deliver the technical know-how on climate resilient technologies and skills to farming community to mitigate the negative effects of climate change. • Goat rearing in India is occupation of 33 million rural households and hence reorienting its production system to climate change is very crucial. • The study attempts to comprehend above and existing status of livestock extension specific to goat farming. • Meta-analysis of the past studies on goat rearing during the period between 2001 and 2020 were collected and analyzed. • This study identified knowledge of farmers, access to extension services and individuals' economic motivation had larger effect on the technology adoption. • Climatic risk proneness had moderated the relationship between predictor variables access to extension services. • The livestock extension system plays a significant role in to promote goat farming in changing climate scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On Farm Testing (OFT) of Yard long bean variety Arka Mangla and Lola were conducted at KVK Ernakulum during 2014-15 with five farmers in area of one ha. The OFT were conducted with active participation of farmer's to disseminate improved technology of Yard long bean to achieve production potential. The improved technologies consisting the use of modern variety, seed treatment, balance fertilizer application and integrated pest management. On Farm Testing data were recorded with respect to green pods yield as compared to farmer's local practice. The results of suggested that improved technology recorded higher green pods yield 50.7 q/ha, 45.6 q/ha and 40.7 q/ha, in Arka Magala and Lola and Local variety, respectively. In addition to high in yield of Arka Mangla, lower values of technology gap, extension gap and index existed. The improved technology gave higher gross return, net return with higher benefit cost ratio Yard long bean as compare to farmer's practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the period from 2006 to 2011, 80 frontline demonstrations were conducted on the horsegram production technology to transfer the technologies among the farmers of Bhilwara district in semi-arid region of south Rajasthan with the objective to evaluate the economic feasibility of technology transfer and adoption. Adoption of improved technology had significant impact on seed yield vis-a-vis yield gaps in horsegram. Improved technology enhanced horsegram yield from 294 kg/ha (farmer's practice) to 537 kg/ha (improved practice), an overall increase of 40.83%. There was a wide yield variation between potential and demonstration yields of horsegram mainly due to technology and extension gaps. Extension yield gaps varied to the extent of 96 to 180 kg/ ha whereas technology yield gaps varied from 288 to 413 kg/ ha. Technology index varied from 34.91 to 50.06 %, which indicate for further scope of improvement in productivity of horsegram in the region. The marginal difference between benefit-cost ratio of improved practice and farmer's practice proves of adoption of improved technologies by the farmers. However, tofurther bridge up the gap between technology developed and technology transferred, there is a need to strengthen the extension network besides emphasis on specific local recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firms in the developing countries transfer technology predominantly produced in the developed economies through different modes namely market-mediated channels including trade in goods and services, foreign direct investment, licensing or non-market channels like employees turnover. Multitude of host country's factors (locational and policy related) influences the mode-choice decision of multinational enterprises among exports, FDI and licensing to work in a host country. Among these factors, provision for the protection of patent rights reduces transactions costs that lead to externalization in form of arm's-length licensing against FDI. India has made patent policy changes during the post globalization period to comply with Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement. Accordingly, this study attempts to find the influence of the patent policy changes on licensing strategy of the Indian manufacturing industry. This paper is based on panel data of 51 industries for period 1989-90 to 2009-10. We have checked each panel data regression for the presence of heteroscedasticity, contemporaneous correlation and serial correlation. In case of the presence of heteroscedasticity and contemporaneous correlation the results are based on heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors and correlated panels corrected standard errors. As the modeling is based on macro-panel data having large number of industries (N) and time period (T) each data series is checked for unit-root using panel data unit-root tests. The study uses Fisher type test. We estimate the model after controlling for the general policy changes in India following the liberalization, privatization and globalization of the economy. We are able to establish a substitutable relationship between licensing from international market and in-house R&D. The removal of licensing regulations of different industries has a positive influence on the firm's decision to license. We also find a complementary relationship between capital goods import and licensing. Thus, policy makers should allow for easy capital imports to facilitate technology transfers. The study indicates that patent policy influences technology transfer to India albeit negatively and limited to patent-sensitive industries confirming the monopoly power effect for such industries. Thus, policy makers have to use regulatory approach to facilitate transfers instead of merely relying on the market approach. Moreover, with respect to patent-sensitive industries there is need to closely watch the licensing behavior of the technology owners for anti-competitive practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KVK primarily acts as Lab to land technology delivery mechanism and works through imparting training to rural stakeholders on improved farming practices, FLD, OFT along with other extension activities. Considering this, an impact study was undertaken on the ex-trainees of KVK in technology transfer and adoption of improved farming practices in Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal The study was conducted in all 08 blocks of D. Dinajpur district of West Bengal where the KVK is situated. The KVK is working in the district since last 08 years and in this tenure they have trained almost 18,000 no's of trainees i.e. average 2,250 no's of trainees in each years. Among these total trainees, 02% ex-trainees were selected randomly from various parts of the district to form total 360 sample population. The collected data was computed and analyzed by frequency, percentage analysis, adoptability and productivity improvement in economic terms for better interpretation. The study finally revealed that majority of ex-trainees belonged to the category of small farmers group, young in the age of 20-30 years, belong to low income group, scheduled caste category, 'High school education' as literacy status having land up to one hectare which reflects their real socio-economic status under the study. Cultivation was the main occupation of majority of stakeholders to maintain their livelihood security. The study also showed that awareness generation through vocational training by the KVK on various improved farming practices was efficiently done, but all the imparted technologies were not adopted by the stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Action research on validating the linkages with post offices in the dissemination of farm technology was done. Post offices and their personnel (50) at the district, block and villages levels in Sitapur district, Uttar Pradesh, were contacted. Organizational analysis of Indian Postal Department helped identify the scope for entering into linkages for the Indian Agricultural Research Institute. Seeds of improved varieties were disseminated and different possible dissemination modes were experimented. The trend analysis of post office works showed sharp decline (about 50%) in the mail and delivery of ordinary post. Similarly, the sale of postal stamp and revenue stamp had declined to the same extent. The collaborative activities through tie-ups with other agencies like SBI, ICICI, mutual fund agencies, Oriental Insurance, etc. had increased (15-20%), which provided the opportunity for establishing linkages. Up to summer/zaid 2013, more than 1900 farmers under 18 post offices in five states covering 181 villages have been reached through this innovative technology dissemination model. The major crops included in the programme are wheat, paddy, pigeon pea, bajra, mustard, bottle gourd, pumpkin and okra. The farmer-to-farmer diffusion of improved variety of wheat was found to be 32 times of the total area originally covered by seed quantity disseminated through post offices. The cost sharing and capacity building of farmers and post office personnel were the other innovative interventions to make the linkages more successful. Based on the experiences and lessons learnt, future action plans have been suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy technologies have been identified as one important lever for mitigating environmental problems such as climate change. However, several obstacles stand in the way of their ample diffusion in both industrialized as well as developing countries. Besides the pure analyses of barriers to the diffusion of these technologies, the functions of innovation systems approach promises insights on how to augment their diffusion via policy measures. We extend these approaches by introducing a spatial dimension into the functions literature. Thereby, we allow transfer of technology, know-how and financial resources to be an integral part of the innovation system literature. By applying our new framework to the case of biogas in India, we do not only demonstrate its suitability and added value for researchers, but also derive policy recommendations for both, national and international policy makers on how to remove existing barriers by strengthening the functions of the innovation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian strategic thinking is a product of its historical, cultural, geopolitical, socio-economic compulsions; it sought a preservation of India’s strategic autonomy with a revisionist perspective that was structured to tackle the status quo created by the great powers. Today, given India’s technological and economic capabilities, it is demanding space in the decision-making circles of the world. India-US security dialogue began sometime in the late 1980s. It was only after September 2001 that India-US security ties gained real momentum. The new key word in India-US defence relationship is ‘inter-operability’. It signifies the mutual desire of both the countries to work more closely in the area of military cooperation and also portrays a possibility of sharing strategic doctrines and operations in the future to tackle new challenges. There are several issues that are likely to dominate the security dialogue. They include issues of terrorism associated with Pakistan and Afghanistan and American policies in that area; the question of technology transfer; nuclear non-proliferation; and the overall political discourse on non-military aspects like Human Rights and the ethnic nationalism based right to political self-determination movements that appear to elicit American attention at times. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The objective of this study was to compare two different rice simulation models-standalone (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer [DSSAT]) and web based (SImulation Model for RIce-Weather relations [SIMRIW])-with agrometeorological data and agronomic parameters for estimation of rice crop production in southern semi-arid tropics of India. Studies were carried out on the BPT5204 rice variety to evaluate two crop simulation models. Long-term experiments were conducted in a research farm of Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Hyderabad, India. Initially, the results were obtained using 4 years (1994-1997) of data with weather parameters from a local weather station to evaluate DSSAT simulated results with observed values. Linear regression models used for the purpose showed a close relationship between DSSAT and observed yield. Subsequently, yield comparisons were also carried out with SIMRIW and DSSAT, and validated with actual observed values. Realizing the correlation coefficient values of SIMRIW simulation values in acceptable limits, further rice experiments in monsoon (Kharif) and post-monsoon (Rabi) agricultural seasons (2009, 2010 and 2011) were carried out with a location-specific distributed sensor network system. These proximal systems help to simulate dry weight, leaf area index and potential yield by the Java based SIMRIW on a daily/weekly/monthly/seasonal basis. These dynamic parameters are useful to the farming community for necessary decision making in a ubiquitous manner. However, SIMRIW requires fine tuning for better results/decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) is one of India’s key policy and scientific experiments. The programme is audacious in its goal, deterministic in its approach, disjointed in its design, and challenged in its governance. Yet it holds the promise of transforming the lives of millions of Indians. This paper provides an analysis of the JNNSM in the Indian institutional context—in particular, in the context of the power sector reforms. It highlights the barriers to development and diffusion that have been dismantled though the use of appropriate policy tools, and those that still remain. It identifies the policy implementation challenges likely to be encountered in the case of grid-connected, roof-top, and off-grid applications as well as in the areas of research, development and technology transfer. Finally, it discusses a series of high-level approaches based on global best practices to address these remaining challenges. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the relationship between Russia and India. Particular focus is given to industrial, cultural, and political cooperation between the two countries. According to the author, Russian foreign policy goals for India include the expansion of economic cooperation, weapon and technology transfer, and cultural exchange. Details on Russian technical assistance to India's Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project and the Indian Navy's Russian-leased nuclear-powered submarine INS Chakra are presented. Other topics include international investments, bilateral trade, and Indian relations with Pakistan.

From the recipients’ perspective, arms transfers have, through the use of offsets, technology transfers, and industrial participation, become an opportunity to receive not only advanced weapons, but also technologies not otherwise available. How important are friendly relations for securing a military export order? To what extent do buyers demand advanced military or commercial technology and how are these demands accepted by the supplier? How does this influence smaller producers in relation to major producers? These questions are addressed by studying (a) the Joint Strike Fighter/F-35 by Lockheed Martin, USA, and the JAS-39 Gripen aircraft by Saab, Sweden, (b) the Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft competition in India for 126 combat aircraft, and (c) the Indian offset policy. In the final section, some long-term consequences are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides the brief background of the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). It elaborates the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) and the components of the National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) with special reference to the Component-I under which all the important and most innovative web-based projects, i.e., KrishiPrabha, CeRA, and e-Granth falls. The overview of these projects including objectives and deliverables has been highlighted especially keeping in view of the current scenario of the NARS institutions. It further elaborates the rationale, mission and objectives of the projects, the methodologies, and work programs. It also shows the directions and outcomes of the projects. The long term positive deliverables of the projects have also been projected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glorious history of the Indian war rocket, also known as the Mysore rocket, is examined, including the role of Tipu Sultan, the son of the King of Mysore. The technological aspects are explained in brief to reveal the reasons for the destructiveness of the rocket. This weapon provides significant evidence of the advanced state of development of military technology in the Indian continent during the pre-colonial era at the time of the Anglo-Mysore wars against the British. The use of captured Indian rockets to develop the British Congreve rocket is described and the global spread of rocket technology from these Indian rockets is explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian space program, which was started with a modest mandate in the early 1960s, has today become a leader in the developing world. India's space program is civilian in orientation and has a major socioeconomic developmental focus. India also has an interest in lunar and planetary exploration missions: it has already successfully undertaken its first Moon mission. Nuclear India's growing international stature gives it strategic relevance, both regionally and globally. Satellite technology, being inherently dual-use, has applicability for strategic purposes too. Modern-day military preparation demands dependence on space assets for communication, navigation and reconnaissance. This article attempts to understand how India is trying to factor space into its overall security calculus. With changing threat perceptions, it is becoming important for the Indian armed forces to increase its dependence on space assets. Currently, the mandate for the state's civilian space program, cost considerations, technology transfer and other geopolitical concerns are limiting India's foray into the military space arena. India's position as regards conducting an anti-satellite test has also not yet been clearly articulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted in Vadodara district of Gujarat State on total sample size of 240 respondents including 120 trained and 120 untrained cotton growers were selected from sixteen villages of the district.The aim of study to identify some of the constraints affecting the rate of adoption of IPM recommendations and to develop suitable extension strategies for effective adoption of IPM technology in cotton crop in Vadodara district of Gujarat state.The constraints were categorized in four dimensions namely, technological, economical, service and supply and marketing and transfer of technology constraints perceived in adoption of IPM technology by cotton growers. The main constraints experienced by trained and untrained cotton growers in adoption of IPM technology were irregular supply of electricity and exploitation of farmer by shopkeeper, Suitable extension strategy based on observation, discussion with cotton growers, extension personnel and researcher covers greater awareness about IPM technology among the farming community on large scale, cotton growers should trained before on set of monsoon on IPM technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]