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The "Black and White Fungus" is a very infrequently developing pathogen with a high fatality rate that has prompted widespread public health concern during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. This pathogenic fungus may be widely distributed in nature, in plants, and in deteriorating fruits and vegetables because of its widespread nature. Numerous sugar molecules, such as glucopyranoside and glucofuranose, have been reported to have significant antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity, and they were also revealed to be able to inhibit multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The recent black fungus epidemic was extremely serious in India, combined with COVID-19, which contributed to the high mortality impact and deterioration of the situation due to the unavailability of effective treatments. So, rhamnopyranose type derivatives 1-9 were studied against the proteins associated with black and white fungi such as Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (PDB ID 7D6X), Rhizomucor miehei (PDB ID 4WTP), Candida auris (PDB ID 6U8J), and Aspergillus luchuensis (PDB 1BK1). These compounds exhibited favorable physical and biochemical scores, as well as appropriate ADMET metrics, among other characteristics. Following the molecular docking procedure, it was found that 1-9 had the highest binding affinity in most cases, (> -6.00 kcal/mol), while compound 9 had outstanding binding affinity against Rhizomucor miehei (-8.7 kcal/mol) and against Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (-8.2 kcal/mol). In addition, the binding affinity against white fungus is also outstanding. This time, compounds 8 and 9 had better binding energy, which is -7.8 kcal/mol against Aspergillus luchuensis (1BK1) and -7.6 kcal/mol against Candida auris (6U8J). Finally, the molecular dynamics simulation at 100 ns has proved that they are stable for new medication development. Among the derivatives 1-9, ligands 8 and 9 exhibited potential medicinal characteristics when all of the data were considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of various diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic made health workers more attentive, and one of the new pathogens is the black fungus (mucormycosis). As a result, millions of lives have already been lost. As a result of the mutation, the virus is constantly changing its traits, including the rate of disease transmission, virulence, pathogenesis, and clinical signs. A recent analysis revealed that some COVID-19 patients were also coinfected with a fungal disease called mucormycosis (black fungus). India has already categorized the COVID-19 patient black fungus outbreak as an epidemic. Only a few reports are observed in other countries. The immune system is weakened by COVID-19 medication, rendering it more prone to illnesses like black fungus (mucormycosis). COVID-19, which is caused by a B.1.617 strain of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been circulating in India since April 2021. Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection induced by exposure to a fungus called mucormycete. The most typically implicated genera are Mucorrhyzuprhizopusdia and Cunninghamella. Mucormycosis is also known as zygomycosis. The main causes of infection are soil, dumping sites, ancient building walls, and other sources of infection (reservoir words "mucormycosis" and "zygomycosis" are occasionally interchanged). Zygomycota, on the other hand, has been identified as polyphyletic and is not currently included in fungal classification systems; also, zygomycosis includes Entomophthorales, but mucormycosis does not. This current review will be focused on the etiology and virulence factors of COVID-19/mucormycosis coinfections in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis patients, as well as their prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black fungus is the foremost life-threatening disease during the SARS-CoV-2 affected patients and spreading quickly in the region of the subcontinent of India although there was no prescribed proper medication. As the Dglucofuranose and its derivatives are reported to show strong antifungal activity, this study has been designed with them for their computational investigation. Firstly, the overallprediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) value illustrates a goodprobability to be active(Pa) and probability to be inactive (Pi) value. Next, pharmacokinetics parameters including drug-likeness and Lipinski's rules, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) parameters, and overall quantum calculation of computational approaches by Density Functional Theory (DFT) have graduallybeen performed to analyze quantum calculations. After the analysis of docking score, it is found at -9.4 kcal/mol, -7.5 kcal/mol, -7.8 kcal/mol, -8.5 kcal/mol against the strain of black fungus protein strains Mycolicibacterium smegmatis, Mucor lusitanicus, Rhizomucor mieh, and white fungus protein Candida Auris, Aspergillus luchuensis and Candida albicans. Next, the molecular dynamics of docked complexes have been performed to check their stability in biological systems with water ranging 100 ns calculating the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) and Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF)where the minimum RMSD and RMSF value indicated the higher stable configuration of docked complexes. These compounds have perfectly matched all the pharmacokinetics criteria to be a good drug candidate against both black and white fungus, and they are non-carcinogenic, low solubility, low toxic for both aquatic and non-aquatic. In addition, the quantum calculation using DFT conveys the strongest support and information about their chemical stability and biological significance. Finally, it could be concluded that the carboxylic group and methyl group inthe benzene ring causes higher binding affinity against black and white fungus protein strain through the formation of hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]