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Clearwing tussock moths were collected from different parts of Tamil Nadu, India. The occurrence of Perina nuda (F.) has been documented with morphological studies. Male moths bear no resemblance to females, with almost hyaline forewing and hind wings drab grey to pale purplish grey with a hyaline patch at the apical angle of the hind wing. Females with capucine buff-coloured wings. Males have asymmetrical genitalia with pointed-finger shaped uncus. The species identity was confirmed through DNA barcodes submitted to GenBank (RKB004-21 and MZ540881). The molecular phylogeny r [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The condition of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) has aroused immense interest among researchers and practitioners owing to its unique characteristics and clinical manifestations. Children with SLI have offered rich data for understanding of language processing with reference to cognitive functions as well as structural aspects of a given language. Due to the subtlety of its manifestations, attempts have been made to evolve specific clinical markers for SLI. This paper reviews five case studies to examine the significance of clinical (linguistic structural, and processing) markers in the identification of children with SLI in the Indian context. (Contains 2 notes and 2 tables.)

The fourth business revolution known as Industry 4.0 is said to increase the opportunities and enterprise capacity with using digitization aids. The digitization of the construction enterprise is becoming very crucial as approaches, pleasant and efficiency is being targeted on a lot greater. Within the development industry, knowledge management (KM) is a key a part of learning from beyond mistakes on preceding projects. As a part of Industry 4.0, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the technologies that would offer a ability to the construction industry through gathering know-how from previous tasks to determine destiny venture consequences. Therefore, this research focusses on AI and its abilities to enhance KM for the construction enterprise within the India. Methodology is then defined, observed by way of findings. Thereafter the consequences are discussed together with the conclusions. This paper contributes to the development industry wherein it offers the possible uses of AI within the enterprise to create better practices and useful resource commercial enterprise and academia studies research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of periodontal disease status and oral hygiene practices in urban and rural population of Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: This epidemiological survey was carried out on 1650 participants taken from both urban and rural areas of Kancheepuram District. The study groups will belong to rural and urban areas in the ratio of 1:2, respectively. Every individual was assessed with the oral hygiene index-simplified, community periodontal index of treatment needs and periodontal disease index. In addition, the oral hygiene practices were also studied and recorded in a specially designed pro forma. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 19.0 software. Results: The study showed that 50% and 36% of the study participants have gingivitis and periodontitis, respectively, while only 14% of the study participants did not present with any form of periodontal disease. The study also showed that 16.63% of the study subjects among urban and 7.63% of them among rural do not have any type of periodontal disease. About 57.09% of the study participants among urban and 36.54% of the study participants among rural areas have gingivitis. The remaining 26.3% of the study participants in urban areas and 55.8% of the study participants in rural areas have periodontitis. It was observed that majority of participants brush once a day using Medium bristle tooth brush and toothpaste as dentifrice. Conclusion: Periodontal disease is widely spread among population of Kancheepuram District, with greater prevalence in rural population than in urban population. This could be mainly due to the lack of awareness and limited availability of resources. These estimates are vital for the future planning of dental services in Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The objective of the present study was to study the morphology and topography of the sesamoid bones of the thumb in a sample south Indian population. Methods. The present study included 25 formalin fixed human cadaveric thumbs, the metacarpo-phalangeal and inter-phalangeal joints of the thumb were dissected. The number of sesamoid bones and the intrinsic muscles containing them were identified. The mean length, breadth and thickness of the sesamoid bones were measured before their removal from thumb by using the digital Vernier caliper. Results. In 92% of cases, there were two sesamoid bones, observed at the metacarpophalangeal joint. The medial sesamoid bone was found inside the adductor pollicis muscle and lateral one was found either in the flexor pollicis brevis muscle (64%) or abductor pollicis brevis muscle (28%). The interphalangeal joint of the thumb in 96% of cases exhibited one sesamoid bone in its median plane, which was within the flexor pollicis longus tendon. The microscopic study confirmed the presence of only bone in all the sections. The mean length, width and thickness of the sesamoid bones at the metacarpophalangeal and inter-phalangeal joints of the thumb were 3 ± 0.9 mm, 6.2 ± 1.2 mm, 4.8 ± 0.8 mm, 2.7 ± 0.8 mm, 6.4 ± 1.3 mm and 4.7 ± 0.6 mm respectively. Conclusions. The present study has provided the morphometric data of the sesamoid bones and their topographical distribution in the intrinsic muscles of thumb. The data of the present study have implications in plastic surgery and will aid the operating hand surgeon and radiologist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Teeth are found to be a very useful tool for forensic investigations because of their nature, exhibiting the least turnover of natural structure and effective resistance to mechanical, chemical, physical or thermal destructions. In addition, teeth are readily accessible structure for examination. Amongst all the teeth, the mandibular canine found to exhibit greatest sexual dimorphism. Considering the fact that there are differences in odontometric features in specific populations, the present study was taken up to investigate whether Mandibular Canine Width (MCW), Inter-Canine Distance (ICD) and Mandibular Canine Index (MCI) can be used as a tool for sex determination in South Indian Population. Materials and method: ‘The present study was carried out on 60 apparently healthy individuals from students of Medical college who are origin of south India whose ages ranged between 17-21 years in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Dentistry in the Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute to establish significance of sexual dimorphism in the mandibular canine. Results: The present study confirms that, the means of mandibular canine width and an inter-canine distance were higher in males than in the females and difference is statistically significant. (P< 0.05), but the MCI revealed no statistically significant sex differences (p > 0.05) and overall accuracy of predictive value in respect to sex determination from MCI is only 47.08%. Further we observed whenever mesio-distal canine width less than 6.88 mm, the probability of sex being female and if width is more than 7.4 mm the probability of sex favored towards male. Conclusion: Our study provides a conclusive proof of mandibular canine width and Inter-canine distance exhibits great potentiality of sexual dimorphism. However, MCI per se has limited value and can use as adjunct with other parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tides play a vital role in coastal hydrodynamics, and it is important to understand their complex characteristics in the coastal areas of creeks, bays, estuaries and gulf. In this study, the spatial variation of heterogeneous friction coefficients and their influence on the variation of different tidal constituents (K1, M2, N2, O1, P1 and S2) along Gulf of Khambhat, west coast of India, were studied. A two-dimensional finite element-based numerical model was developed and zones of different friction coefficients were identified by comparing numerically estimated tidal levels and currents with that of measured and reported by earlier studies. Based on the comparisons, the gulf was divided into five zones of different bottom friction values. The numerical model, assigned with friction coefficients, was used to map the contours of selected tidal constituents. From the results, it was observed that two constituents, M2 and K1, influence the hydrodynamics, significantly. The description of the numerical model, calibration, validation and results are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatric neuroimaging presents a unique set of challenges, primarily stemming from the intricacies of normal myelination processes occurring within the initial two years of life. This complexity is particularly pronounced in the context of pediatric epilepsy, where a substantial proportion of neuroimaging cases appears normal, especially in instances of idiopathic or provoked seizures. Nevertheless, abnormalities in neuroimaging tend to manifest in cases of acute or remote symptomatic seizures. Notably, the etiological landscape of seizures in children diverges significantly from that observed in adults, with neurodevelopmental, neurometabolic, and neuro-infectious factors emerging as predominant contributors. This multicentric study, conducted between November 2021 and November 2023, spanned diverse hospitals across various states in India. Encompassing children from birth to 12 years of age experiencing acute and remote symptomatic seizures, the study meticulously documented clinical and demographic profiles. Exclusion criteria were applied, excluding typical febrile seizures and idiopathic epilepsy syndromes to ensure a focused analysis. The study encompassed a total of 109 cases, revealing a spectrum of neuroimaging findings. Noteworthy among these were cortical malformations, including focal cortical dysplasia (12 cases), tuberous sclerosis (6 cases), polymicrogyria (3 cases), hemimegalencephaly (1 case), lissencephaly (1 case), schizencephaly (2 cases), heterotopias (3 cases), cavernous hemangioma (1 case), and AV malformation (1 case). Additionally, neoplastic lesions (6 cases), neurocysticercosis (5 cases), tuberculoma (4 cases), hippocampal sclerosis (3 cases), post-hypoxic and cerebrovascular accident gliosis (3 cases), leukodystrophies (2 cases), and non-lesional cases (58 cases) were documented. Pediatric neuroimaging in symptomatic seizures may present with normal findings, influenced by interpreter bias and the non-uniform availability of 3T MRI across different medical centers. The diverse causative factors for symptomatic seizures underscore the impact of demographic features, including the endemicity of specific infections and birth injuries, on the observed variability across medical centers. These findings underscore the imperative for a comprehensive understanding and standardization in pediatric neuroimaging practices.

Objective: To assess the progression of thyrotropinemia to overt hypothyroidism in overweight and obese children., Method: 150 overweight and obese children aged 5-15 years were enrolled. Free T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were done at enrollment and for those with TSH >5 mIU/L, TSH levels were repeated after 1 year., Results: The mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) and TSH were 23.8 (3.19) kg/m2 and 2.70 (2.44) mIU/L, respectively. 17 children had thyrotropinemia (TSH between 10-15mIU/L); 10 (84.6%) of these children attained normal TSH levels at one year follow-up, and none progressed to overt hypothyroidism (TSH >15 mlU/L)., Conclusion: Levels of 5-15 mIU/L are common in asymptomatic overweight and obese children. Majority of these children revert back to normal TSH levels on follow-up.

Background: The National AIDS control programme (NACP) in India is currently following the World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 antiretroviral therapy (ART) guidelines. In 2013, the WHO revised its recommendations for initiating ART among people living with HIV (PLHIV) by increasing the threshold for ART initiation to a CD4 count ≤500 cells/uL. For certain patient groups, ART is recommended irrespective of CD4 count (PLHIV with active tuberculosis, hepatitis B virus infection, pregnant and breast feeding women, children aged under five years and those living in a sero-discordant relationship). In this operational research, we assess the effect of applying this recommendation on the number of PLHIV additionally eligible for ART., Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected programme data from all PLHIV registered in Karnataka State (population 60 million), India in 2012., Results: Of 37,044 PLHIV, 27,074 (73%) were eligible for initiating ART as per WHO-2010 criteria. As per the WHO-2013 criteria (CD4 count ≤500 and all pregnant women and under-five children irrespective of CD4 count), an additional 5104 (14%) HIV-infected people would be eligible for initiating ART. There were no data to inform the additional patient load due to sero-discordance., Conclusion: Adopting the WHO-2013 guidelines for India has important resource implications. However, given the significant patient and programmatic benefits of adopting the new guidelines, this has been considered favourably by the NACP in India and steps are being planned to integrate ART care into the general health system to cope with the increased numbers of patients.

Traditional medicine system of India comprised varieties of plants which are playing a significant role in curing diseases from ancient times. Among them, Enicostemma littorale blume (E. littorale) a perennial herb of the family Gentianaceae is cosmopolitan in occurrence in India. The bittery natured plant acts as a laxative, helps in curing fever, rheumatism, skin diseases, abdominal disorders, snake bite, obesity and helps to regulate blood sugar levels. The plant constituents have been reported for possessing antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiulcer, antiinflammatory, hypolipidaemic, hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic properties. This review provides a bird's eye view about geographical distribution, physicochemical parameters, phytoconstituents and pharmacological properties of E. littorale.