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Native residents are indispensable participants in developing and conserving the natural environment. Specifying the factors that lead to responsible behavior among the local people can help increase sustainability. This paper aims to investigate the pro-environmental behavior among the local residents of the Kashmir region defined by the components of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Value Belief Norm (VBN) Theory. To analyze the data, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) has been used as research methods. The results reveal that the three components of TPB (general environmental attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control) have a positive and significant impact on the pro-environmental behavior of residents. Moreover, the findings also demonstrate that the factors of VBN (altruistic, egoistic and biospheric values) significantly influence the general environmental attitude which in turn impacts the pro-environmental behavior of local residents. The paper seeks to contribute to the existing literature by adding local community insights based on the explanations given by socio-psychological theories within the context of natural environment. The study will help policymakers to understand better the residents' intentions and pro-environmental behavior so that they can develop strategies to manage and combat the environmental problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is the primary demographic process that defines human settlement patterns and has a significant impact on human evolution. Migrants often seek better economic opportunities, higher levels of education, the chance to reunite with loved ones, or a safer environment. Given the paucity of literature, this study concentrates on the pattern of migration and the factors that influence district-level internal migration. And also, examines the relationship between socioeconomic indicators and inter-migration rate in Srinagar, J&K, India. Secondary data from the census of India, digest of statistics, government reports, and research publications was utilized to investigate the migration trend. To investigate the relationship between the socioeconomic variables and the international migration rate, a linear regression analysis was performed. Pursuant to the regression findings, male migrants dominate urban-to-urban migration while female migrants dominate urban-to-rural areas. Employment is the primary motivation for male migrants, whereas marriage is the primary motivation for female migrants. This study supported the view that factors such as literacy and employment have a close bearing on migration flow, whereas population growth shows a negative relationship with migration. The analysis of patterns would be valuable for formulating new policies, providing economic opportunities near the place of residence, and base for urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]