Search

India, with its rapidly growing economy, has an increasing demand for energy consumption. This study thus adds to the energy-economic growth literature by exploring the effect of renewable (hydro and nuclear) and non-renewable (coal and oil) energy consumption by different sources on the economic growth of India, spanning from 1985 to 2021. The ARDL estimator is used to assess the short- and long-run growth effectiveness of the explanatory variables, while the variance decomposition analysis (VDA) is employed to examine the degree to which one variable can explain the change in variance of another variable. Among the renewable energy sources, hydro-energy consumption is found to be impeding economic growth, while nuclear energy is found to be inducing India's economic growth in the long run. Furthermore, among the non-renewable energy sources, oil consumption is found to be impeding the economic growth, while coal consumption is observed to be augmenting India's economic growth in the long run significantly. The findings reveal that non-renewable energy use plays a crucial role in the economic growth of India; thus, from a policy standpoint, this study recommends the government to invest more in the advancement of the renewable energy sector in order to balance the energy mix and achieve sustainable economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tattoo-associated complications are on the rise due to the popularity of decorative tattoos in recent years. The exact pathogeneses of various tattoo reaction patterns are still unclear, and their dermoscopic details are sparsely reported. Aim: We aimed to retrospectively study the clinical, dermoscopic and immunopathological details of patients with non-infectious, non-eczematous inflammatory tattoo reaction patterns in a tertiary care centre of East India. Method: The clinical, dermoscopic and pathological details of all the patients who had non-infectious, non-eczematous inflammatory tattoo reactions were collected. In all the cases, immunohistochemistry was done for CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD8, FoxP3, CD20 and CD56. Results: A total of five patients of skin phototypes IV and V and six tattoo reactions were analysed. Five lesions had reactions at the site of a black tattoo, and one at the site of red tattoo. Clinically, the patients presented with erythematous or blue-grey flat-topped to verrucous papules and plaques. Dermoscopic features were dominated by a central white to pink-white structureless area, a peripheral grey-white to bluish-white structureless area, white scales, comedo-like opening with keratotic plugging, milia-like cysts and shiny white structures. Pathologically, except for one lesion that only showed a lichenoid reaction pattern in the red tattoo, all had a combination of reaction patterns. Immunohistochemistry showed increased epidermal and dermal Langerhans cells, predominantly CD8 positive T cells in the epidermis and dermis, sparse dermal B cells and CD4 positive T cells, reduced T regulatory cells and a complete absence of CD56 positive NK cells. Limitations: Small sample size was the limitation of the study. Conclusion: The clinical morphology and dermoscopy may not differentiate between various types of non-infectious non-eczematous inflammatory tattoo reactions. The immunological profile supports a delayed hypersensitivity reaction due to contact sensitisation to tattoo pigment, and CD8 positive T cells play a central role in executing various pathological reaction patterns, both in the epidermis and dermis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dermoscopy is useful in the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, most descriptions of the dermoscopic features of BCCs are in Caucasians (skin types I-III) and there is a paucity of data in dark-skinned Indian patients. Aims: The aim of this study was to describe the various dermoscopic features of BCC in dark-skinned patients from South India and correlate these with the histopathologic subtypes. Methods: A retrospective observational study of biopsy-proven cases of BCC was conducted at a tertiary care center in South India using nonpolarized contact dermoscopy. Results: Sixty BCCs in 35 patients predominantly of skin phototypes IV or V were studied. These included 32 nodular, 27 superficial and 1 infiltrative type of BCC. The most common dermoscopic features noted were maple leaf-like areas (61.7%), blue-white veils (53.4%), ulceration (48.4%) and short fine telangiectases (46.7%). Ulceration, blue-white veils and arborizing vessels were significantly associated with nodular BCCs, while maple leaf-like areas, red-white structureless areas, multiple small erosions and spoke wheel areas were noted with superficial BCCs. Limitations: The limitations of this study include its retrospective nature, the use of only nonpolarized light for examination, the lack of other histopathological variants of BCC as well as the lack of a comparison group. Conclusion: We report a dermoscopic study of BCC in dark-skinned patients from Puducherry, South India. The blue-white veil was observed in half of the patients and was significantly associated with nodular BCCs. The addition of the blue-white veil to the diagnostic criteria for pigmented BCC could improve the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy in Indian patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 52-year-old Indian woman who developed extragenital lichen sclerosus (EGLS) due to chronic friction and pressure from tight traditional garments. It states that the condition manifested as white, wrinkled patches on her abdomen, back, and undersurface of her breasts, which were exacerbated by her tightly tied petticoat and sari.

The dermoscopic details of amyloidosis are sparse, especially in skin of colour.1,2 The study aimed to delineate the dermoscopic features of PCA. It comprises papular or lichen amyloidosis (LA), macular amyloidosis (MA) and rare nodular amyloidosis. Keywords: amyloidosis; dermatoscopy; dermoscopy; pigmentation; primary cutaneous; skin of colour EN amyloidosis dermatoscopy dermoscopy pigmentation primary cutaneous skin of colour 370 374 5 08/28/21 20210801 NES 210801 INTRODUCTION Primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA) is characterised by the localised extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The cutaneous features of acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ACLE) can be confused with other dermatoses. The dermoscopic features of ACLE have rarely been reported. Aims: We aimed to study the dermoscopic features of ACLE, malar rash, and generalized ACLE. Materials and Methods: The dermoscopic features of all biopsy and direct immunofluorescence confirmed ACLE cases were analysed retrospectively between May 2019 and May 2020. Results: A total of 21 patients with skin phototypes III, IV, or V were included in the analysis. A pinkish‐white to reddish‐white homogenous area (94.1%), brown dots, globules and peppering (76.4%), and keratotic follicular plugging (64.7%) were the common dermoscopic features observed in the case of generalized ACLE. Similarly, in the case of malar rash, a pinkish‐white to reddish‐white homogenous area (77.8%) was the most common dermoscopic feature, followed by keratotic follicular plugging (66.7%), scales (44.5%), and brown dots, globules, and peppering (44.5%). In both variants, vascular structures were dominated by linear vessels with or without branching. Conclusions: A multicomponent pattern comprising white scales, homogenous pinkish‐white to the reddish‐white area, brown dots/globules/peppering, keratotic follicular plugging, and linear vessels with or without branching were the common dermoscopic features observed in our study and may indicate the diagnosis of both localized and generalized ACLE. In addition, a paucity of dotted vessels may serve as an additional clue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For an adnexal tumour in a fair-skinned individual, a white homogenous area under a dermoscope can be due to the normal skin colour of the patient (dermal tumour away from the epidermis) or due to the tumour (either epidermal, epidermo-dermal or dermal tumour close to the epidermis). Ehara et al. reported a similar pattern for a lesion over the leg.4 Other patterns observed by us were a skin-coloured homogenous area and white homogenous area with arborising vessels. A pattern, skin-coloured to white homogenous area with milia-like cysts, was a consistent pattern in our series of tumours differentiating towards the follicular bulb and papillae, trichoepitheliomas, both solitary and familial (Fig. [Extracted from the article]

A quiz about the case of a patient with an asymptomatic large pore containing black material over the right side of the abdomen is presented.

Alopecia areata totalis and universalis are disabling conditions and therapeutically challenging as they are refractory to conventional options. Tofacitinib is a Janus-kinase (JAK) inhibitor utilized to treat alopecia areata (AA) as an off-label drug. In India, FDA-approved JAK inhibitors such as baricitinib and ritlecitinib are not available. There are only a few case reports on tofacitinib in AA in the Indian population. We present the data of 9 pediatric cases of clinically and histologically proven alopecia areata totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU), for whom oral tofacitinib was given after baseline investigations. The following parameters were analysed: Photographic image and severity of alopecia tool (SALT) score at baseline, 3 months and 6 months, and Children Dermatology Life Quality Index (cDLQI) at baseline and 6 months. The mean ± standard deviation ( M  ± SD) of the SALT score and cDLQI( M  ± SD) at baseline were 95 ± 5 and 17 ± 2. At weeks 4 and weeks 12, the SALT ( M  ± SD) score was 92.7 ± 6.1 and 34.35 ± 11.16, respectively. At weeks 24, the SALT ( M  ± SD) score and cDLQI ( M  ± SD) were 3.33 ± 5 and 6 ± 2. The final reduction in SALT score from the baseline was 100% in 6/9 cases (66.67%), 75% to 99% in 3/9 (22.23%), and 50 to 75% in 1/9 (11.12%). We also observed minimal adverse effects (one child developed herpes zoster) with tofacitinib. Our study demonstrates that oral tofacitinib represents a viable modality in managing difficult-to-treat pediatric AA, such as AT and AU, with a good safety profile., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.